Induksi Pembelahan Sporofitik pada Kultur Antera Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dengan Perlakuan Cekaman Suhu dan Media Starvasi.

Abstract

Haploid culture via androgenesis is a rapid technique to produce pure lines as parental candidates in producing superior hybrid varieties. This technique has not been reported successful in oil palm plant. Cold shock pretreatment followed by combination of starvation medium and temperature treatment, is expected to induce sporophytic division for androgenesis induction in oil palm. The flower buds of oil palm, used in this experiment were derived from the upper part of spikelet located at the middle part of the inflorescence with a half part of spatha was opened. The anthers from this buds contained population of microspores mostly in late uninucleate. Spikelet immersion pretreatment on starvation medium (B medium) in cold temperature (4-9°C) for 1 day then continued by culturing the anthers in double-layer Y3 medium, was able to induce sporophytic division of microspore with 4-5 cells as much as 0.9% after 2 weeks of culture. The percentage of multicellular microspores could be increased up to 2.1%, when after 1 day of pretreatment at cold temperature the anthers were cultured in double-layer B medium at 25-28°C for 7 days, then were subcultured in double-layer Y3 medium at 25-28°C for 1 week after culture. The results of this research could be used as the first step for induction of androgenesis in developing haploid technology in oil palm.