Keanekaragaman dan Parasitisasi Parasitoid pada Pertanaman Sayuran di Bogor

Abstract

In an agricultural area, agroecosystem could influence diversity and parasitism of parasitoids as natural enemies of insect pests. A survey to learn diversity and rate of parasitism of insect pests by parasitoids had been conducted in several agricultural fields with different criteria, such as farming practice (organic and convensional), species richness of vegetable crops (5-8 sp. and 9-15 sp.) and different crop ages (3, 4 and 5 months), in Bogor from August to October 2012. By making a 50 steps line transect for every field, eggs, larvae and pupa of insect pests were collected monthly, reared in laboratory and incidence of parasitism were calculated. The results showed that there were no significant differences on diversity and rate of parasitism based on three criterias used. However, based on the diversity of vegetable plant species around, the rate of parasitism in field with less plant species diversity (5-8 sp.) was higher than the field with more vegetable plant species diversity (9-15 sp.). These results might be caused by the limited number of samplings conducted and other potential factors such as surrounding habitat, seasonal fluctuation, and complex interactions between species in agroecosystem.