Design Formulation of Nanoemulsion Natural Dyes Extract Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia Sappan Linn).

Abstract

Sappan extract formulated into nanoemulsion with a fixed concentration of 10% of the weight of the formulation, emulsifier used is Span20, Span80, Tween20 and Tween80 with a percentage of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% of the weight of the formula to single formulation and 1.25 %, 2.5%, and 5% of the weight formula for dual formulation, while the solvent used was distilled water with a percentage of 87.50%, 85.00%, and 80.00% of the weight of the formula. This thesis aims to obtain nanoemulsion formulation design natural dyes extract the sappan wood, which involves determining the optimal conditions formulation nanoemulsion, observation of stability that occurs in formulation nanoemulsion to produce emulsion dyes. Preliminari results with visual observation/visible, showing that the best formulation is the formulation of Tween20 (10%), formulation Tween80 (10%), formulation Span20-Span80 (1.25%), formulation Span20-Tween80 (5%), formulation Span80-Tween20 (5%), formulation Span80-Tween80 (5%), and the formulation Tween20-Tween80 (5%). Results of viscosity measurements showed all formulations nanoemulsion produce a low viscosity values between 4.00 to 15.00 cP. Results of particle size, measurements showed a single formulation using emulsifier Tween and double combination formulation Tween-Tween produces formula nanoemulsion with a larger particle size diameter >100 nm), the double combination formulation Span-Span and Span-Tween produce formula nanoemulsion with a smaller particle size diameter (<100 nm). The measurement results show the value of the particle size distribution polydispersity indeks values of the seven formulations nanoemulsion between 0.187 to 0.782, these states generally formulation nanoemulsion meets all standards as the particle size distribution of system nanoemulsion. Results of emulsion stability measurements/zeta potential indicate single formulation Tween20, double combination formulation Tween20-Tween80 and Span80-Tween80 produce zeta potential values more positive than +30 mV, this indicates that a stable formulation, single formulation Tween80, double combination formulation Span20-Span80, Span20-Tween80 and Span80- Tween20 generating value but not negative than -30 mV, this show is not sufficiently stable formulation within a certain period. Color intensity measurement results show that using a single formulation emulsifier Tween and double combination formulation Tween-Tween produces a smaller value for the brightness (L), degree of redness (a), and degree of yellowness (b), compared with the double combination formulations Span-Span and Span-Tween.