Study of Genetic Variability Improvement of Rice Genotypes (Oryza sativa L.) and the Effort to Get Glyphosate Herbicide Tolerant Plants by Chemical Mutation
Studi Keragaman Genetik pada Padi (Oryza sativa L.) dan Upaya Mendapatkan Tanaman Toleran Herbisida Glifosat dengan Metode Mutasi Kimia
Date
2013Author
Nugraini, Nancy Dwi
Aswidinnoor, Hajrial
Kusumo, Yudiwanti Wahyu E
Aisyah, Syarifah Iis
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Using hybrid rice is one of methods to increase rice yield. The effort to get superior hybrid rice could be created by some breeding methods and one of them is mutation breeding. The first step in mutation breeding is mutation induction to get genetic variability. Mutation induction could use chemical alkylating agents or azide in term of condition. Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and Sodium Azide (SA) are mutagens that effective and efficient to improve rice plant variability. The desirable character are high yield, high filled grain per panicle, early-ripening and tolerance to herbicide with glyphosate as active ingredients. This research was done on October 2011 – December 2012. Mutation process was done in plant physiology laboratory of PT. BISI International, Tbk. Evaluation of M1 and M2 generations were done at Kambingan Farm PT. BISI International, Tbk. Kediri. This research used 4 rice genotypes consist of one maintainer line (BI2B) and three restorer lines (PD10, PD3362, BR1001). The six treatments that used in this research were EMS (40, 60 and 80 mM) and SA (0.5, 1, 5 mM). M1 seeds were soaked in EMS for 6 hours whereas 8 hours in SA. M1 generation was planted in green house and examined for number of germinated seed and grain sterility per hill. M2 generation was planted at open field and examined for chlorophyl mutation frequency, days of 50% flowering, number of productive tillering, panicle length, plant height, number of filled grain per panicle, grain sterility, 1000 grain weight and yield per hill. The mutagen effectivity was analyzed based on mutant frequency to mutagen doses and the mutagen efficiency was analyzed based on M1 seeds lethality and M1 sterility at each genotype. The variability analysis of quantitative characters were done at M2 generation. M2 generation showed higher variability than wild type for days of 50% flowering, number of productive tillering, panicle length, plant height, number of filled grain per panicle, grain sterility, and yield per hill. The character 1000 grain weight showed lower variability than wild type at EMS 40 mM and SA 0.5 mM. The effective mutagen for BI2B was SA 0.5 mM. The efficient mutagen for BI2B based on M1 seeds lethality was EMS 80 mM and based on M1 sterility was EMS 60 mM. The effective mutagen for BR1001 was SA 0.5 mM. Based on M1 seed lethality, the efficient mutagen was SA 5 mM and based on M1 sterility was EMS 80 mM. The effective and efficient mutagen to get putative mutant that tolerance to glyphosate herbicide were SA 0.5 mM and EMS 80 mM. The putative herbicide tolerant plants were BI2B from EMS 80 mM and BR1001 from SA 0.5 mM. The mutant frequency that tolerance to glyphosate herbicide was 1.7x10-5.
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