Effect of Treatment Bacteria inserted Rhizobium sp. and Storage Period on The Physiology of Seed and Quality of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)

Abstract

The purpose of the experiment 1 were to confirm the present of the bacteria Rhizobium sp., which had inserted into the seed tissue through the vacum technology and to study the effect of inserted seed quality during storage periods. Experiment 2 was conducted to study the growth of inserted soybean seed on their ability of producing the soybean seed and to study the performance of the physiological character during the period of storage. The result experiment 1, the microscopy analysis of soybean seed slide indicated that the bacteria Rhizobium sp. were located on the palisade seed tissue. The bacteria remained viable inside the seed tissue during 0 – 4 months storage period. The population of bacteria cell inside the seed tissue were maintained in 10 5 cell per ml. This population was reasonable enough to qualify the requirement of root infection. The quality of seed in term of germination percentage, vigor index and germination speed of seed remained stable until 3 months storage period although the last two variables reduced significantly after 4 months. The vigor index and germination speed were reduced from 90.67 to 58.67 % and from 31.78 to 28.69 % / etmal, respectively. The experiment 2 was conducted using the split plot design with two factors that storage period as the main plot and insertion of bacteria as a sub plot. The result of the experiment showed that during the vegetatif phase, the inserted seed performed best growth which are indicated by better plant of height, number of leaf, number of nodules, wet and dried weight of nodules. Similarly during the generatif phase, the ability of plant on producing the soybean seed which are indicated from the wet and dried weight of upper and lower plant biomass, number of pod, dried weight of pod including dried weight of seed, inserted seed significantly better than control plant. The quality of seed which produced from inserted seed plant, in term of germination speed and vigor index of seed was also better than seed produced from control plant. In conclusion, inserted seed with Rhizobium sp. could support the growth of soybean plant and producing the good quality of soybean seeds compared from the uninserted soybean seed.