Taksonomi molekuler “DNA Barcoding” dan analisis filogenetik ikan hiu di Pelabuhan Perikanan Palabuhanratu berdasarkan Marka Mitokondria

Abstract

Sharks are generally traded only in the form of fins and therefore it is difficult to identify them conventionally. Molecular taxonomy of DNA barcoding is a tool that can help identification process because it only requires a few tissues from the shark. The samples were collected from fisheries port of Palabuhanratu in order to identified sharks species molecularly and confirm their conservation status, as well as building phylogenetic tree among sharks species landed in this market. The result showed that of 28 sample amplified were belonged to 3 species of sharks Rhyncobatus australiae, 7 species Alopias superciliosus, 12 species Carcharhinus falciformis, 2 species Isurus paucus, 2 species Carcharhinus limbatus and 2 species Carcharhinus longimanus. The identified sharks were included in to the category of vulnerable (R.australiae, A.superciliosus, C.longimanus and I.paucus) and near threatened (C.falciformis and C.limbatus) of IUCN redlist. The construction of phylogenetic tree showed that sharks were divided into 4 big groups with 4 different families which are Rhynchobatidae, Alopiidae, Lamnidae and Carcharhinidae.

Perdagangan ikan hiu umumnya hanya dalam bentuk sirip sehingga sulit untuk diidentifikasi secara konvensional. Taksonomi molekuler DNA barcoding dapat membantu proses identifikasi ini karena hanya membutuhkan sedikit jaringan tubuh dari ikan hiu tersebut. Penelitian ini mengumpulkan sampel di PPN Palabuhanratu yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ikan hiu secara molekuler dan status konservasinya, serta menentukan hubungan filogenetik antar spesies ikan hiu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari 28 sampel yang teramplifikasi terdapat 3 ekor hiu jenis Rhyncobatus australiae, 7 ekor hiu jenis Alopias superciliosus, 12 ekor hiu jenis Carcharhinus falciformis, 2 ekor hiu jenis Isurus paucus, 2 ekor hiu jenis Carcharhinus limbatus dan 2 ekor hiu jenis Carcharhinus longimanus. Hiu tersebut termasuk kedalam kategori vulnerable (R.australiae, A.superciliosus, C.Longimanus dan I.paucus) dan near threatened (C.falciformis dan C. limbatus). Konstruksi pohon filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa hiu yang didaratkan di Palabuhanratu terbagi kedalam 4 kelompok besar dengan 4 famili yang berbeda yaitu Rhynchobatidae, Alopiidae, Lamnidae dan Carcharhinidae.