Selection of transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1 at various level of fertilizer N and P based on physiological properties and production

Abstract

IPB 1 transgenic sugarcane clones are clones of sugarcane expressing phytase gene cv. PS 851, which has been done by previous researchers. In the process of genetic transformation, stages of regeneration through callus formation process will induce genetic variation. The process of transformation induced to somaclonal variation can contribute to differences among transgenic clones. This study aims to get the best clones of transgenic sugarcane IPB 1 which has high efficiency of N and P fertilizer use, high chlorophyll content, high phytase activity, high biomass and sugar production. This study is also aimed to know the effect of ZA and SP 36 fertilizer to N and P content in leaves, chlorophyll content, phytase activity and production of transgenic sugarcane IPB1. Experimental design used was split plot design in randomized block design, consists of two factors, i.e. factor A as the main plot: the level of fertilizer nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Factor B as the subplot: sugarcane clones IPB 1 transgenic and PS 851 isogenic as a control. DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) at the level of 5% is used analyze the differences between treatments. In average the results showed that to transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1-3 is the best transgenic sugarcane clones that have the highest rates of sugar production of 98.32 quintal/hectare. Then followed by the transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1-1 (97.86 quintal/hectare), IPB 1-59 (96.93 quintal/hectare), IPB 1-52 (96.63 quintal/hectare), and IPB 1-56 (96.18 quintal/hectare). Specifically on fertilizer treatment at rate of N 50% and P 50%, transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1-7 is the best transgenic sugarcane clones that produced 108.57 quintal of sugar /hectare. Then followed by the transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1-3 (104.80 quintal/hectare) and IPB 1-1 (104.57 quintal/hectare). Besides having a high sugar production, there is also a correlation between N and P content, chlorophyll content, phytase activity and production. N and P fertilization as done did not give significant effect on N and P content, chlorophyll content, phytase activity and production. Fertilizer treatment at rate of N 50% and P 50% which is the lowest, having the same effect with fertilizer treatment at rate of N 100% and P 100% on N and P content, chlorophyll content, phytase activity and production. With this results, it can be concluded that transgenic sugarcane IPB 1 can reduced 50% of N and P fertilizer use.