Pengukuran acoustic backscattering strength dasar perairan dengan instrumen single dan multi beam echo sounder

Abstract

Underwater acoustic instruments has been an indispensable tool to study the ocean. Application of acoustic such as sonar technologies to bottom acoustics study has made significant advances over recent decades. The sonar systems evolved from single beam systems to more sophisticated digital ones like multi beam echo sounder. In this paper, both systems of single beam echo sounder (SBES) and multi beam echo sounder (MBES) were applied to detect and measure acoustic backscattering strength of sea-bottom. Sampling sediment was taken for ground truth data using bottom sampler. For SBES, data collection was carried out in Seribu Islands, Jakarta. Data were collected using CruzPro PcFF80 FishFinder with operating frequency 200 kHz. The algorithm to compute underwater signal using this instrument had been developed by Manik (2011). For MBES, data collection was carried out in Buyat Bay, North Sulawesi Province. Data were collected using Elac Seabeam 1050D MBES with operating frequency 180 kHz and processed with MBSystem version 5 software. For SBES, the results showed the value of surface backscattering strength (SS) for sand varied from -18.68 dB to -17.39 dB, silty sand -23.25 dB to -19.32 dB, and clayey sand was -19.83 dB. The echo level (EL) for sand varied from 131.4 dB to 138.2 dB, silty sand 133.5 dB to 135.4 dB, and for clayey sand was 136.5 dB (using source level (SL) 163 dB). For MBES, the SS for silty sand varied from -24.26 dB to -20.56 dB, and sandy silt -25.12 dB to -24.30 dB.