Limbah Pemanenan Kayu dan Faktor Eksploitasi di IUPHHK-HA PT. Diamond Raya Timber, Provinsi Riau

Abstract

Diamond Raya Timber forest company lies on Semenanjung Bagan Siapiapi which is a region biosfer heritage. To meet the criteria and indicators PHPL (sustainable production forest management) as well as the fifth principle (forest stewardship council), the company must do identification, calculation, and monitoring the waste of wood harvesting. The amount of waste used as the determination basis the value of factor exploitation so that can be conducted emphasis and reduction the waste of harvesting wood efficiently. This research aimed to know volume, percentage, and scatter of waste occurring in logging compartment, skidding way, log yard and hauling way as the result of harvesting activity, and knowing the value of exploitation factor in Diamond raya timber forest company. Logging waste is defined as stump, stem, upper stem and branches in diameter at least 30 cm. The data retrieval is performed on a compartment of example 6 (100 m x 100 m) with 3 sample plots in manual compartment and 3 sample plots in mechanical compartment. Logging waste of wood harvesting manually and mechanically most occur in logging compartment. The Volume of waste produced on average tree is felled in the compartment of manual entirely going on in that amounting to slash compartment 7,81 m3/ha. The Volume of waste produced on average tree is felled in the compartment of mechanical of 19.75 m3/ha, made up of waste in the compartment of slash of 16.9 m3/ha, and waste in the TPn of 2.85 m3/ha.The waste which occurred in manual compartment is smaller than mechanical compartment. It can be shown from the manual compartment using manpower to perform all harvesting activities from logging, skidding, landing and transporting, while in mechanical compartment most using mechanical power. The average of waste in mechanical compartment is larger because of chainsaw operator error in determining falling direction, logging, cutting and division of stem or can be caused by logfisher operator in skidding. Percentage of waste based on total waste volume in manual compartment is 100% occurring in logging compartment. Meanwhile, percentage of waste in mechanical compartment is namely 85,57% occurring in logging compartment and 14,43% in log yard. The magnitude of a factor of exploitation in compartment manual (0.83) while in compartment mechanical (0,71), amounting to it indicates that waste is at the compartment manual is less than with the waste which resides in compartment mechanical