Perbaikan Sifat Kimia Tanah Masam, Produksi, dan Serapan P Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea) dengan Pemberian Pupuk Fosfat Alam

Abstract

Potential of land resources in Indonesia is very large. Indonesia has 148 million ha of upland. Climate variation, specifically precipitation in most areas of Indonesia is relatively high therefore leaching of bases in the soil mostly high. It causes the low content of bases in soil, and then the soil become acid and have nutrients deficiency. About 102.8 million ha or 69.5 % of the total upland in Indonesia have acid soil. The utilization of acid soil for agriculture have several problems such as P-deficiency. It is due to the phosphate ions is adsorbed by the various component in the soil, such as Fe and Al ions, and Fe and or Al hydrous oxide. One of the efforts to overcome the P-deficiency is to apply rock phosphate into acid soil. The use of rock phosphate as fertilizer because highly soluble in the acid soil condition. Therefore, rock phosphate is appropriate as a source of P fertilizer in acid soil. The objectives of this research were to study the effect of rock phosphate fertilizer on the improvement acid soil quality, on groundnut yield, and P uptake of groundnut plant (Arachis hypogaea) in Latosol (Oxyc dytropept) Darmaga, Bogor. The experimental design was used is a randomized complete block design with one factor, that is dosage of phosphate fertilizers. Phosphate Fertilizer used in this experiment were rock phosphate and SP-36. Phosphate fertilizer dosages were: 0% (as a control treatment), Std 100%, Std 50% + P 50%, Std 25% + P 75%, P 100%, P 125%, and P 150%. The results of the study showed that rock phosphate fertilizer significantly increased the soil pH, exchangeable Ca, the uptake of Ca and P of groundnut plant. The phosphate fertilizer treatments were not increase significantly different in the growth, weight of pod, weight of seed, and percentage of full pod. However, the rock phosphate treatments resulted the percentage of full pod (87.76%-90.01%) was higher than standard fertilizer treatment (86.51%).