Keanekaragaman tumbuhan pangan dan obat di Taman Wisata Alam Madapangga Kabupaten Bima Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat
Diversity of food and medicinal plants in Madapangga Tourism Park Bima District of West Nusa Tenggara Province
Date
2013Author
Yuliati, Yayu
Zuhud, Ervizal A. M.
Kartono, Agus Priyono
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Madapangga Tourism Nature Park is one of the conservation area in Bima District that has a high plants resources. This study aims to identify the species diversity of food and medicine plants, utilization by people around the area and its development. Vegetation analysis was conducted to determine species diversity, species dominance, distribution patterns and community similarity. Interviews were conducted to determine the common species used and the level knowledge of people about the use of food and medicinal plants. Food plants are found 36 species from 20 families and 4 habitus consisting of 25 species of trees, 1 species of shrubs, 9 species of herbs and 1 species of liana. Anacardiaceae and Leguminosae were found with the highest number of species respectively 4 species, whereas Amaranthaceae, Myrtaceae and Rutaceae respectively 3 species. That food plants used as fruits (17 species), vegetables (15 species), fresh vegetables and spices (respectively 5 species), the source of carbohydrate (3 species). Part of the plants are used as food mostly fruits (25 species), leaves (18 species), seeds (4 species), flowers (3 species), bulbs and stems (respectively 2 species) and all parts of the plant (1 species). Medicinal plants are found 76 species from 40 families and 6 habitus consisting of 38 species of trees, 10 species of shrubs, 23 species of herbs, 3 species of lianas, respectively 1 species from epiphyte and parasite. Leguminosae were found with the highest number of species are 7 species; Euphorbiaceae are 6 species; Amaranthaceae, Anacardiaceae and Rutaceae respectively 4 species; Asteraceae, Moraceae, and Myrtaceae respectively 3 species. That medicinal plants are used to treat a variety of illness. Utilization of these species are categorized into 15 groups of diseases / usage. Part of the plants used are the leaves (48 species), bark (24 species), roots (19 species), fruits (17 species), flowers (8 species), beans (21 species), roots, bark fruit and tubers (respectively 2 species) and all parts (11 species). The highest richness and diversity of food and medicinal plants found in intensive utilization block. Margalef richness index food and medicinal plants in that block respectively 10.29 and 6.09, whereas Shannon-Wiener diversity index respectively 3.66 and 3.12. The lowest Margalef richness index of food and medicinal plants found in protection block respectively 4.97 and 2.77, whereas Shannon-Wiener diversity index respectively 2.66 and 2. Evenness value in the third block in the management tend to be higher with value each more than 0.7. Tree habitus of food plants dominated by Tamarindus indica, Ziziphus mauritiana, Shcleicera oleosa, Protium javanicum, Psidium guajava, Syzygium cumini, and Aleurites moluccana; whereas medicinal plants consist of Alstonia scholaris, Strychnos ligustrina, Alstonia spectabilis, Lagerstroemia speciosa and Jatropha curcas. Shrub and herb habitus dominated by Solanum indicum, Amaranthus spinosus, Portulaca oleracea, Ocimum sanctum and Lantana camara; whereas medicinal plants are dominated by Zingiber aromaticum, Achyranthes aspera, Justicia gendarussa, S.indicum and Amorphophallus variabilis. Liana habitus belonging food plants are found in the study site is Momordica charantia, whereas those belonging medicinal plants are Tinospora crispa and Piper retrofractum. Epiphyte and Parasite habitus are found respectively Asplenium nidus and Dendropthoe sp. Distribution pattern of food and medicinal plants in mostly clustered (76.32%), but there are some species that have uniform distribution pattern include Ficus benjamina, Ceiba pentandra, M.charantia, Swietenia mahagoni, Melia azederach, P.retrofractum and Spondias dulcis. Community similarity index (IS) of food and medicinal plant inter protection block and limited utilization block; and inter limited utilization block and intensive utilization block respectively 0.69 and 0.64. In contrast, the IS value of food and medicinal plants inter protection block and intensive utilization block less than 0.3. People around the site classifying food and medical plants are found in the site into 3 categories, namely the utilization of rare species used (minor), is often used and has economic value (already sold on the market) as well as the potential to be developed. Food plants are rarely used (minor) 13 species, is often used as many as 10 species and has the potential to be developed as many as 13 species. Food plants commonly used by the people such as T.indica, Mangifera sp., M.charantia, Syzygium aqueum, Anacardium occidentale, Citrus aurantifolia, P.guajava, A.moluccana, Annona squamosa and Moringa oleifera.. Medicinal plants are rarely used (minor) as many as 57 species, 13 species are often exploited and potential to develop as many as 8 species. Medicinal plants commonly used by the people such as S.ligustrina, P.retrofractum, T.indica, T.crispa, P.guajava, J.curcas, A.moluccana, A.scholaris, Areca catechu, Hibiscus tiliaceus, A.aspera dan Z.aromaticum. There are significant differences level knowledge between respondents age class about the use of food and medicinal plants Development of food and medicinal plants that can be made are in situ and eksitu; involving local people, NGOs and university as partners in management activity, improve the knowledge and conservation awareness of people; sustainable use, and increase its economic value.
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- MT - Forestry [1415]