Optimization for Extraction of Andrographolide from Sambiloto by Fractional Factorial Design

Abstract

Andrographolide is a secondary metabolite compound in sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) which has been used as anticancer, antiinflamation, and antimicrobe. The technique and condition of extraction were investigated to get maximum extract by comparing three extraction technique (maceration, soxhlet, and ultrasonication) and determining optimum condition of the best extraction technique. The best technique was maceration. Andrographolide content from maceration, soxhlet, and ultrasonication was 2.83%, 2.23%, and 1.86%, respectively. Optimization of andrographolide content on maceration technique showed the significant effect of ratio and frequency to andrographolide content, while time of extraction had no significant effect. The optimum condition based on prediction content from 27 factor combinations was obtained at 360 minutes of extraction time, 1 g/100 ml of sample and solvent ratio, and 5 times of extraction frequency with the content was 4.83%. The optimum condition based on analysis by response surface method was obtained at 300−352 minutes of extraction time, 1.25−1.28 g/100 ml of sample and solvent ratio, and 3−4 times of extraction frequency and the content was 3.11−4.09%.