Impact Analysis of ENSO (El-Nino Southern Oscillation) Level Against Drought For Food Crops and Crop (Case Study: South Sulawesi).

Abstract

Climate and weather variability is a condition of long-term climate change is marked by fluctuations and deviations from normal conditions. One reason is the ENSO (El-Nino Southern Oscillation) which affects the drought. This research was conducted with the aim to determine and analyze the level of drought in South Sulawesi due to the influence of ENSO and compare the production of food crops and crops in a normal year and ENSO. Drought index is calculated based on the Palmer method by using rainfall data, air temperature and soil humidity as inputs. Based on the drought index calculated using the Palmer method, areas with monsoon rain patterns have a range of values between -22.71 to dryness 18.23, equatorial patterns ranged from -4.03 to 5.07, and the local patterns ranged from -8.57 to 10.07. Verification test results of the drought index of crop production data show that each ENSO event is always followed by a decline in rice production, especially of rice fields. As for crops, crop production generally tended to increase in every ENSO event because most crops are plants that are resistant to drought, particularly local varieties that have adapted well to its environment. Thus, the influence of ENSO drought can affect the production of food crops and crops.