Pemodelan Spasial Kesesuaian Habitat Orangutan Kalimantan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii Linneaus, 1760) di Suaka Margasatwa Sungai Lamandau, Kalimantan Tengah

Abstract

Orangutan is categorized as a rare animal since it only exist in Indonesia and its populations tend to decrease, especially in Sungai Lamandau area. The population decreasing is caused by environmental degradation, land conversion, and also hunting. Orangutan population is grouped into critically endangered status according to IUCN Red Listand listed into APPENDIX 1 CITES also by government is protected by Government in Regulation Number 7 Year 1999. Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve is one of the orangutan habitat in Kalimantan. Besides, this location has important value since it is a region which is used as wild conservation of orangutan from rehabilitation. Related to the fact, research of orangutan kalimantan habitat by applying Geographical Information System (GIS) needs to be developed to get spatial data of suitable habitat model for orangutan kalimantan in Sungai LamandauWildlife Reserve. Data collection is done in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and in limited usage suggestion zone (Buffer zone). Orangutan kalimantan habitat suitability modeling is done by identifying orangutan kalimantan nest points in spatial to the habitat factors, which is distance by the river and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) value, and disturbance factors via distance with road and distance with the villages. Identification result is analyzed by using Principal Componen Anayisis (PCA) to get value each habitat components so that would be found suitability model with orangutan kalimantan habitat. Habitat suitability map is found by overlaying habitat components to model had built and validated with nest points found in field. Orangutan kalimantan habitat suitability model found is Y=(1,747 x distance with river factor)+(1,747 x NDVI value factor)+(1,215 x distance with road factor)+(1,215 x distance with village factor). Orangutan kalimantan habitat suitability map is divided by three, of suitability which is in low suitability class 6311,70 hectare or 7,88% from overall of research location width, mid suitability class 52378,70 hectare or 65,46% from overall of research location width and high suitability class 21328,60 hectare or 26,65% from overall research location. Validation for low suitability class 0%, mid-suitability class 60,87% and high suitability class 39,13%. Orangutan kalimantan suitability model can be accepted with 100% validation in mid and high suitability class.