Aplication Tank Model and Erosion Predicted with MUSLE Method Based on Hydrologic Data Measurement at Sibarasok Gadang Sub Watershed, Padang Pariaman District

Abstract

Flow distribution in a watershed is a dynamic process and very dependent on climate, precipitation and combination of land coverage, evapotranspiration rate, soil type and topography of the watershed. Hydrologic biophysic process in a watershed is a natural process as a part of the hydrologic cycle. Change of watershed hydrological condition can result disaster such as floods and landslides. Application tank model is a hydrological model that used to predict river flow characteristic by using data from the SPAS. The research located at Sibarasok Gadang Sub watershed, IV Koto Aur Malintang Sub-District, Padang Pariaman District, West Sumatra. Data was processed at the Laboratory of Forest Hydrology and Watershed, Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. This study aims to examine the distribution of water flow horizontally and vertically using a Tank Model and examine rate of sedimentation in the Sub-watershed Sibarasok Gadang used MUSLE method. Stages of research include analysis of the relationship river flow and water level, processing of rainfall data, river flow, and daily evapotranspiration, and analysis of sediment and erosion rate.

Distribusi aliran di suatu DAS merupakan proses dinamis yang dipengaruhi oleh iklim, presipitasi, dan kombinasi dari tutupan lahan, evapotranspirasi, jenis tanah, dan topografi DAS tersebut. Proses biofisik hidrologis DAS tersebut merupakan proses alami sebagai bagian dari suatu siklus hidrologi. Perubahan kondisi hidrologi daerah aliran sungai dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya bencana seperti banjir dan tanah longsor. Aplikasi model tangki merupakan suatu model hidrologi yang digunakan untuk menduga karakteristik aliran sungai dengan menggunakan data yang diperoleh dari Stasiun Pengamat Arus Sungai. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Sub DAS Sibarasok Gadang Kecamatan IV Koto Aur Malintang, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Propinsi Sumatera Barat. Pengolahan data dilakukan di Laboratorium Hidrologi Hutan dan DAS, Departemen Manajemen Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) Mengkaji distribusi aliran air secara horizontal dan vertikal menggunakan model tangki, 2) Mengkaji laju sedimentasi dengan metode MUSLE di Sub DAS Sibarasok Gadang. Tahapan penelitian meliputi analisis hubungan debit aliran sungai dengan tinggi muka air, pengolahan data curah hujan, debit aliran sungai, dan evapotranspirasi harian, dan analisis laju sedimen dan erosi.