Analysis of Genetic Stability from Oil Palm Ortets (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and Their Clones Using Microsatellite Marker

Abstract

Propagation of oil palm by tissue culture techniques was capable of producing uniform clones. However, clones indicated the existence of genetic variability. The aims of this study were to determine the genetic similarity between ortets, ortet and clones, and to analyze correlation between period to get embryoid and allele stability of clones. This studies were used 90 samples consisting of 9 ortets, 27 plantlets from embryoid I (E1), 27 plantlets from embryoid II (E2), and 27 plantlets from embryoid III (E3). Leave from samples were collected and used for DNA isolation, amplification using 14 microsatellite markers, visualized using QIAxcel system, and transformed the allele data into binary data. Data analysis was performed using Distance Method (DM) in Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP) ver. 4b.10. The result showed that the genetic stability of ortets as explants in the propagation of oil palm using tissue culture techniques were different based on 14 microsatellite markers. Ortet 10, 16, 36, 51, and 120 have a high degree of genetic stability, and ortet 228 have clones with variation of allele changes. Correlation between period to get embryoid and allele stability of clones showed a very low value (0,11), so allele stability of clones wasn’t affected by period to get embryoid but was influenced by genotype of ortet.