In vitro embryogenesis induction from endosperm cells of mango var. arumanis clon 143 (Mangifera indica L.).

Abstract

Mango Arumanis (Mangifera indica L) is a diploid plant with 2n=2x=40 chromosome. Embryogenesis from endosperm cells is the one opportunity to produce seedless triploid plant in mango Arumanis. The objective of this research are to obtain the optimum age of endosperm of mango seed for embryogenesis induction and to obtain the optimum medium for embryogenesis induction. This research conducted with 3 experiment are : (1) embryogenic callus induction from endosperm cells; (2) callus proliferation and (3) maturation of somatic embryo. Endosperm cells from different age of immature seed are : 1 week old, 2 weeks old and 3 weeks old from the initial fruit set was cultured in 10 medium compotition with several plant growth regulators and organic compound to induce embryogenic calli. Result of this research are : (1) Three weeks old endosperm cells from immature seed showed the best results for callus induction with percentage 26.28%, (2) Medium MA3 (B5 macro + MS micro + 0,2 mg/l BAP + 1 mg/l NAA + 0,5 mg/l GA3 + 3% sucrose) was the best medium for callus induction and somatic embryo development.