Analysis of Legal Institutional and law enforcement in the field of Fisheries

Abstract

Problem of illegal fishing and marine fisheries sector resulting in Indonesia is unable to be utilized optimally. Losses can be viewed from several aspects, including economic loss aspect i.e. financially, social aspects of the spread of dangerous disease, and ecological aspects such as over fishing and destructive fishing. Law enforcement agencies in authority who become the object of this research is Police, TNI AL, and PSDKP. The aims of this research are to find out main task and function of institutional law enforcement in the fields of fisheries, analyze conflict authority between the law enforcement agency in the fields of fisheries based on legal basis, and give recommendations the effectiveness of law enforcement. There researchs uses institutional analysis, legal analysis and SWOT analysis. The result of this research is there are three the law enforcement agency that is Police, TNI AL and PSDKP that carries on the function of law enforcement in accordance with the legal basis of its own. Variable authority Police is given with four the basic law, TNI AL with 5 the basic law, and PSDKP with 3 the legal basis. Territoriality variable describe that all three institutions has authority different in the territorial waters of the interior, the waters of the archipelago, the sea territorial, and ZEEI. Priority strategy law enforcement with two largest order of the research is an increase regional and international cooperation in eliminating illegal a fishing and destruktive a fishing and increase the number of patrolly boats and the addition of advanced technology.

Permasalahan illegal fishing mengakibatkan sektor kelautan dan perikanan Indonesia tidak mampu dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Kerugian dapat dilihat dari beberapa aspek, diantaranya aspek ekonomi yakni kerugian secara finansial, aspek sosial berupa penyebaran penyakit berbahaya dan aspek ekologis seperti over fishing dan destructive fishing. Lembaga penegak hukum yang berwenang yang menjadi objek peneltian adalah Polisi Perairan, TNI AL, dan PSDKP. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tugas pokok dan fungsi kelembagaan penegakan hukum di bidang perikanan, menganalisis tumpang tindih kewenangan antar lembaga penegak hukum di bidang perikanan berdasarkan landasan hukumnya, dan memberikan rekomendasi efektifitas penegakan hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kelembagaan, analisis hukum dan analisis SWOT. Penelitian menghasilkan bahwa bahwa tiga lembaga penegakan hukum yaitu Polair, TNI AL dan PSDKP menjalankan fungsi penegakan hukum sesuai dengan dasar hukum tersendiri. Variabel kewenangan Polair diamanahkan dengan 4 dasar hukum, TNI dengan 5 dasar hukum, dan PSDKP dengan 3 dasar hukum. Variabel kewilayahan menjabarkan bahwa ketiga lembaga memiliki wewenang berbeda pada wilayah perairan pedalaman, perairan kepulauan, laut teritorial, dan ZEEI. Prioritas strategi penegakan hukum dengan dua urutan terbesar dari penelitian adalah peningkatan kerjasama regional dan internasional dalam menghapuskan illegal fishing dan destruktive fishing dan menambah jumlah kapal patroli dan penambahan teknologi canggih.