Impact of Development In Dki Jakarta to Disparities In Dki Jakarta and Outside Dki Jakarta After and Before Regional Autonomy

Abstract

In the new order development policy is more centralized. The goal of that development strategy is referred to as the trickle-down effects. However, these strategies proved less successful wealth creation and distribution as expected. Besides economic development is more concentrated in Java, especially Jakarta thus providing a role for economic growth imbalances between Jakarta and outside Jakarta. After the enactment of Act 22 of 1999 on Regional Autonomy has changed fundamentally in the Indonesian state ordinances. Many problems such as increasingly sharp inequalities and corruption are almost evenly distributed throughout the region, of course, can not be directly concluded that regional autonomy for the benefit and progress of the nation. The purpose of this study are (1) to analyze the pattern of economic growth based approach Klassen Typology before and after decentralization, (2) the trend of inequality in Jakarta and the outside Jakarta and (3) the relationship between inequality Williamson index with GDP per capita growth rate both before and after decentralization. The results of the analysis of the pattern of economic growth shows, the number of regions including the fast forward and fast-growing before more autonomy than before decentralization. Conversely the number of areas including the relatively lagging before decentralization is less than after decentralization. Inequality index Williamson in Jakarta is relatively large with an average of 0.7539 before and 0.7112 after the regional autonomy. While outside Jakarta relatively small limp levels by an average of 0.1518 before and 0.1765 after the regional autonomy.

Pada masa orde baru kebijakan pembangunan lebih bersifat sentralistik. Strategi pembangunan tersebut diharapkan akan menghasilkan apa yang dimaksud dengan trickle down effects. Akan tetapi strategi tersebut ternyata kurang berhasil menciptakan kesejahteraan dan pemerataan seperti yang diharapkan. Selain itu pembangunan ekonomi yang lebih terpusat di Jawa, khususnya DKI Jakarta sehingga memberikan peran terhadap ketimpangan pertumbuhan ekonomi antara DKI Jakarta dan Luar DKI Jakarta. Setelah diberlakukannya Undang-Undang No.22 Tahun 1999 tentang Otonomi Daerah telah mengubah secara fundamental tata cara bernegara di Indonesia. Banyaknya masalah seperti kian tajamnya kesenjangan dan praktek korupsi yang hampir merata di seluruh daerah, tentunya tidak dapat langsung disimpulkan bahwa otonomi daerah tidak memberi manfaat dan kemajuan bagi bangsa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah, (1) menganalisis pola pertumbuhan ekonomi berdasarkan pendekatan Klassen Typology sebelum dan setelah otonomi daerah,(2) trend ketimpangan di DKI Jakarta dan Luar DKI Jakarta dan (3) hubungan antara tingkat ketimpangan Indeks Williamson dengan laju pertumbuhan PDRB per kapita baik sebelum dan setelah otonomi daerah.