Effect of Planting Mediums Combined with Inoculant Acremonium sp. and Fusarium sp. to Agarwood Quality of Aquilaria crassna

Abstract

Aquilaria crassna is one of the Aquilaria species that could produce agarwood. Agarwood production of Aquilaria crassna can be induced by inoculant from microfungi. Ecological interaction between the host tree, wounding and inoculant in the formation of agarwood has not yet clearly. Other factors like the tree ages, tree species, season, environment and genetic variation also played important roles in the formation of agarwood. This research aimed to determine the influence of the combination between nutrient of planting media and Acremonium sp. and Fusarium sp. to agarwood quality of Aquilaria crassna. The experiment was consisted of two factors, which were five planting media and two inoculants species i.e. Acremonium sp. and Fusarium sp. The observed parameters were the percentage of senescence leaves, color of wood, level of fragrant and terpenoid content. The best agarwood fragrant was produced by the seedlings that were treated with either combination of husk charcoal media enriched with NPK fertilizer and Acremonium sp. or the combination between husk charcoal media enriched with Hoagland modified solution and Fusarium sp.. The darkest color of wood was produced by the seedlings that were treated with combination of husk charcoal media enriched with NPK fertilizer and Acremonium sp., as well as for the same media with Fusarium sp.. During the experiment terpenoid compound could not be detected from the treated seedlings. Acremonium sp. caused more leave senescence than that of Fusarium sp..

Aquilaria crassna merupakan salah satu spesies Aquilaria yang dapat menghasilkan gubal gaharu. Pembentukan gaharu pada Aquilaria crassna dapat terjadi karena adanya induksi dari cendawan. Interaksi antara pohon inang, perlukaan dan jamur dalam pembentukan gaharu masih belum dipahami secara jelas. Faktor-faktor lain seperti umur pohon, perbedaan spesies pohon, pengaruh musim, variasi lingkungan, dan variasi genetik juga berperan penting dalam pembentukan gaharu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi media tanam dengan inokulum cendawan Acremonium sp. dan Fusarium sp. terhadap kualitas gaharu pada Aquilaria crassna. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu lima jenis kombinasi media tanam (Tanah, Tanah: Arang sekam, Arang sekam+NPK, Arang sekam + larutan Hoagland, Arang sekam + larutan hoagland yang dimodifikasi) dan dua spesies inokulum (Acremonium sp. dan Fusarium sp.). Parameter yang diamati adalah tingkat persentase gugur daun, kadar warna, kadar harum dan keberadaan terpenoid kayu gaharu. Kadar harum yang terbaik diperoleh dari perlakuan arang sekam dengan pemberian NPK dan inokulum Acremonium sp. dan perlakuan arang sekam dengan pemberian larutan Hoagland yang dimodifikasi dan inokulum Fusarium sp.. Kadar warna kayu terpekat atau tergelap diperoleh dari perlakuan arang sekam dengan pemberian NPK dan inokulum cendawan Acremonium sp. ataupun Fusarium sp.. Sedangkan keberadaan terpenoid belum dapat terakumulasi selama waktu 21 hari setelah induksi. Acremonium sp. menyebabkan keguguran daun lebih tinggi dibanding Fusarium sp..