Food and Medicine Ethnobotany of Community Around Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman Area (Study Case in Lampung Pesisir Tribe)
Etnobotani Pangan dan Obat Masyarakat Sekitar Kawasan Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman (Studi Kasus Pada Suku Lampung Pesisir)
Abstract
Human needs can be fulfilled though the mutual relation and utilization of the existing natural resources, especially food and medicinal plants that contain nutrition and medicinal materials which are important for health. The utilization is based on the local knowledge of a particular community daily life habits leading to the establishment of food sovereign and independency in their daily life. One tribe that utilize the natural resources in accordance with the local perception and knowledge is Lampung Pesisir Tribe who lives adjacent to Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park (Tahura WAR). However, the utilization of food and medicinal plants have not been documented by the community of Lampung Pesisir Tribe. Therefore, it is important to conduct this research. The aim of this research is to identify the diversity of food and medicinal plants which are utilized and have potential, also to study the local wisdom of Lampung Pesisir Tribe in plants conservation action. This research was conducted on March-April 2012 at Margadalom Hamlet and Tahura WAR. Object of the study species are known and used by the public. The method of this study consisted of some steps, literature review, observation/field observation, determination of respondents used purposive sampling, interview and maked of herbarium. Result of this research, identified 45 species from 25 family of food plants were dominated by Fabaceae family with total of 9 species, herba habitus with 20 species (44%) and fruit 28 species (56%). Functional food plants identified were 46 species from 28 family, Euphorbiaceae and Zingiberaceae was found each 13% (4 species), herba habitus and fruit was much utilized, each of them as much as 37% (17 species) and 37% (28 species). Medicinal plants were identified as much as 52 species from 31 family, Fabaceae and Poaceae, then tree habitus, each of them as much as 5 species (14%) and 17 species (33%). Leaf is mostly used (54%). Conclusion of this research, the knowledge of plants utilization were passed on from heredity based on experience. The existing local wisdom are repong, pekhaga, and used of lokal knowledge of medicinal plants. Pemenuhan kebutuhan manusia dapat terpenuhi karena adanya hubungan timbal balik dan pemanfaatan potensi sumberdaya alam yang ada, khususnya tumbuhan pangan dan obat, yang memiliki kandungan gizi dan bahan obat yang penting bagi kesehatan. Pemanfaatan dilakukan sesuai dengan pengetahuan lokal masyarakat suku tertentu dalam kehidupan keseharian mereka mengarah pada terciptanya kehidupan yang berdaulat dan mandiri dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pangan dan kesehatan dalam kehidupan keseharian masyarakat. Salah satu suku/etnis yang memanfaatkan sumberdaya hutan sesuai dengan pengetahuan lokal, yaitu Suku Lampung Pesisir yang tinggal di sekitar Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman (Tahura WAR). Namun dokumentasi pengetahuan pemanfaatan tumbuhan pangan dan obat oleh masyarakat Suku Lampung Pesisir belum tersedia. Oleh karena itu penting dilakukannya penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman tumbuhan pangan dan obat yang berpotensi dan dimanfaatkan serta mengkaji kearifan lokal masyarakat Suku Lampung Pesisir dalam aksi konservasi tumbuhan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret-April 2012 di Dusun Margadalom dan Tahura WAR. Obyek penelitian yaitu spesies tumbuhan yang diketahui dan digunakan oleh masyarakat. Metode pengumpulan data melalui beberapa tahapan, yaitu kajian pustaka, observasi/pengamatan lapang, penentuan responden menggunakan purposive sampling, wawancara, dan pembuatan herbarium.