Pembuatan Ester Etil Asam Lemak dari Minyak Kelapa dan Etanol dengan Katalis Abu Sabut Kelapa

Abstract

Biodiesel is produced through the reaction between oil and alcohol with the help of catalyst which is called transesterification. In this research is used ethanol from alcoholic beverage distilation result with coconut fiber ash as catalyst. Ash alkalinity was analysed by titrimetry or indicator titration. Extraction of ash was done in athanol and water through reflux, heating withouth reflux, and withouth heating. Transesterification was done at room (28 °C) and (64 °C) tempetature to shown the effect of temperature. The effect of time was determining with variation of time 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours. The potential of coconut fiber ash as catalyst was determining with ratio of oil:ethanol (1:6) that reacted at temperature 60 °C for 2 hours in methanol and ethanol. The potential of ethanol from alcoholic beverage distilation result was determining with additional water into ethanol (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%). The quality of oil and ester were determining with measure the saponification and acid number. The capability of water to extract the coconut fiber ash was higher than ethanol. The alkalinity in water was increased by additional of ash weight. While, the alkalinity in ethanol was decreased by additional of ash weight. Hight temperature increased the alkalinity, while reflux decreased the alkalinity. Transesterification more perfect at hight temperature (64 °C) than room temperature (28 °C) and there was no effect on additional time reaction after 2 hours. Coconut fiber ash can be used as catalyst in transesterification because the esther product has same quality with using NaOH catalyst. Ethanol can substitute methanol in transesterification. Water content (28-64%) in ethanol was not effected to saponification number, acid number, esther number, and free fatty acid from the esther product.