Juvenile phenotype of interspesific hybridization between abalone Haliotis asinina and Haliotis squamata
Fenotip benih hasil hibridisasi interspesifik abalon Haliotis asinina dan Haliotis squamata
Date
2012Author
Kusumawardhani, Aldilla
Junior, Muhammad Zairin
Soelistyowati, Dinar Tri
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Abalone is one of sea-water aquaculture commodity that having relatively slow in growth and low in survival rate characteristic, compared to other seawater organisms. One of efforts to overcame these limitations is crossbreedengineering technique, interspesific hybridization. Crossbreeding between abalone Haliotis asinina and Haliotis squamata is required to produce hybrid juveniles having a better phenotype than its brood. Crossbreeding of abalone was done in the reciprocal procedure including truebreed of each species and hybridization of two species in vice-versa with a natural techniques and massal scale. The results showed that hybridization between male Haliotis asinina and female Haliotis squamata haved higher fertilization rate and hatching rate than its reciprocal, about 76,01±6,15% vs 60,14±4,80%. The larvae from hybridization with male Haliotis squamata were abnormal on form of trocophore and early veliger phase, and mortality occurred on the next phase. Juvenile from hybridization between male Haliotis asinina and female Haliotis squamata showed higher similarity with Haliotis squamata (female brood) about 98,69%, and the heritability about 0.73-1,02%. Abalon merupakan komoditas budidaya yang memiliki sifat pertumbuhan relatif lambat dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup rendah dibandingkan organisme air laut lain. Salah satu upaya mengatasi keterbatasan tersebut adalah dengan teknik rekayasa persilangan interspesifik. Persilangan antara induk abalon Haliotis asinina dan Haliotis squamata diharapkan mampu menghasilkan benih hibrid yang memiliki fenotip yang lebih baik daripada tetuanya. Persilangan abalon ini dilakukan secara resiprok meliputi persilangan truebreed tiap spesies dan hibridisasi kedua spesies secara vice-versa jantan dan betinanya dengan teknik alami skala massal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada perlakuan hibridisasi antara jantan Haliotis asinina dan betina Haliotis squamata memiliki derajat pembuahan dan derajat penetasan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan resiproknya sebesar 76,01±6,15% vs 60,14±4,80%. Larva abalon hasil hibridisasi dengan jantan Haliotis squamata memiliki bentuk abnormal pada fase trokofor maupun veliger awal, dan terjadi mortalitas pada fase berikutnya. Benih abalon hasil hibridisasi antara jantan Haliotis asinina dan betina Haliotis squamata menunjukkan kemiripan dengan induk betinanya yakni Haliotis squamata sebesar 98,69%, dengan kisaran heritabilitas 0,73-1,02%.
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