Effect of Endophytic Fungi on the Survival of Yellow Stem Borer Scirpophaga incertulas (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Rice Growth

Abstract

Yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of main problems in rice cultivation. This study was conducted to examine the effect of endophytic inoculation on the survival of yellow stem borer larvae and rice growth. The treatments that tested among other Nigrospora sp.1, Acremonium sp. and Nigrospora sp.1 + Acremonium sp.. Seeds were dipped in water, inoculated with endophytic fungi, seedled and planted in pot. Plants were sprayed with endophytic fungi suspension every one week before larvae infested. Larvae infestation has done five times on the plants of one, two, three, four, and five week after planted. Plants were infested with ten first instar stage of larvae in every ten rice stems. Monitoring was done on the survival and body length of larvae. Endophytic fungi treatments increased rice resistance against yellow stem borer larvae. The treatment of Nigrospora sp.1 + Acremonium sp. reduced significantly the body length of survived larvae in young plants. The treatments of Acremonium sp. had significant effect to increase number of tillers. Tolerance and antibiosis contribute to the resistance mechanism. In addition, endophytic treatments increased germination, seedling growth, and rice growth.

Penggerek batang padi kuning Scirpophaga incertulas (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) merupakan salah satu masalah utama dalam budidaya padi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji pengaruh inokulasi cendawan endofit terhadap perkembangan larva penggerek batang padi kuning dan pertumbuhan tanaman padi. Perlakuan yang diuji antara lain Nigrospora sp.1, Acremonium sp. dan Nigrospora sp.1 + Acremonium sp.. Benih direndam dalam air, diinokulasi dengan cendawan endofit, disemai dan ditanam dalam pot. Tanaman disemprot dengan suspensi cendawan endofit pada satu minggu sebelum infestasi larva. Infestasi larva dilakukan sebanyak lima kali pada tanaman padi umur 1 MST, 2 MST, 3 MST, 4 MST, dan 5 MST. Tanaman diinfestasi oleh 10 ekor larva instar 1 per 10 batang padi. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan panjang tubuh larva pada satu minggu setelah infestasi. Cendawan endofit meningkatkan ketahanan padi terhadap serangan penggerek batang padi kuning. Perlakuan Nigrospora sp.1 + Acremonium sp. menekan panjang tubuh larva secara nyata pada tanaman muda. Perlakuan Acremonium sp. meningkatkan jumlah anakan. Toleransi dan antibiosis berpengaruh terhadap mekanisme resistensi. Selain itu, perlakuan cendawan endofit meningkatkan perkecambahan, pertumbuhan bibit, dan pertumbuhan tanaman padi.