Pemodelan spasial habitat monyet hitam sulawesi (Macaca nigra Desmarest, 1822)

Abstract

Monyet hitam sulawesi (Macaca nigra Desmarest, 1822) memiliki daerah persebaran yang terbatas hanya di wilayah Sulawesi bagian utara dan juga di pulau Bacan, Maluku sebagai jenis introduksi. Habitat yang tersisa di Sulawesi Utara terbatas pada kawasan konservasi diantaranya adalah Cagar Alam (CA) Tangkoko, CA Duasudara, Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Batuputih, dan TWA Batuangus di kabupaten Bitung Sulawesi Utara. Berkaitan dengan kondisi tersebut maka penelitian habitat monyet hitam sulawesi dengan penerapan Sistem Informasi Georgafis (SIG) perlu dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan data spasial model habitat yang sesuai. Pengambilan data dilakukan di CA Tangkoko dan TWA Batuputih sedangkan untuk areal penelitian dalam analisis spasial pembuatan model dan peta kesesuaian habitat mencangkup CA Tangkoko, CA Duasudara, TWA Batuputih, dan TWA Batuangus. Pemodelan habitat monyet hitam sulawesi dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi titik perjumpaan monyet hitam sulawesi secara spasial terhadap faktor-faktor habitat dan faktor faktor gangguan. Faktor habitat diidentifikasi melalui ketinggian, kemiringan lereng, NDVI (Normalization Difference Vegetation Index), dan jarak dari sungai. Faktor gangguan diidentifikasi melalui jarak dari jalan dan bangunan. Pembobotan untuk mendapatkan model dilakukan menggunakan metode Principal Component Analisys (PCA) dan pengkelasan dilakukan dengan metode tumpang tindih (overlay).

Black crested macaques (Macaca nigra Desmarest, 1822) have small geographic distribution. They naturally only can be found on Northern peninsula of Sulawesi and introduced in Bacan island, Moluccas as introduction species. Their remaining habitat on Sulawesi are limited only in conservation areas such as Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Duasudara Nature Reserve, Batuputih Natural Tourism Park, and Batuangus Natural Tourism Park in Bitung district North Sulawesi. Related to that restricted habitat, study in habitat of black crested macaques using Geographic Information System (GIS) application is urgently needed to get suitable habitat model for black crested macaques. Data observation for model simulation were conducted at Tangkoko Nature Reserve and Batuputih Natural Tourism Park. The model then extrapolated to Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Duasudara Nature Reserve, Batuputih Natural Tourism Park, and Batuangus Natural Tourism Park. Modelling of black crested macaque’s habitat was held by spatial identification of black crested macaque encounter points toward habitat and disturbance factors. Altitude, slope, NDVI (Normalization Difference Vegetation Index), and distance from river represent habitat factor. Distance from road, and distance from building represent disturbance factors. Weighting were conducted by using determined used Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and classifying were conducted by using overlay.