Developing Urban Forest Based on Surface Temperature Distribution of Denpansar City

Abstract

Denpasar is capital city of Bali Province. Denpasar city has been developing due to its population growth and development in many sectors. This condition resulted in environmental problem especially surface temperature increase which creates uncomfortable condition. One of important component to create comfortable environment in the city is urban forest. Appropriate planning of Open Green Space is needed to lowering surface temperature. The aims of this study are as follows : (1) identify surface temperature distribution of various land covers in Denpasar, (2) identify surface temperature which is predicted by converting band 6 Landsat 7 ETM, (3) determine the alternative of urban forest type based on surface temperature distribution which appropriate to Denpasar spatial planning. This study was conducted in Denpasar. Materials that were used in this study consisted of image Landsat 7 ETM (Path 116 Row 066) taken on 15th October 2009, and administrative map of Denpasar. Data were processed using ArcGIS 9.3 and ERDAS Imagine 9.1 such as layer stack, geometric correction, subset image, image classification and accuracy test. Band 6 was used to determine surface temperature distribution. Denpasar was dominated by built up areas (49,45 %) out of 12.891,6 ha of its total area. Based on band 6 estimation, the highest surface temperature was 33-34 °C in barren land of South Denpasar Subdistrict (Sesetan), meanwhile the lowest surface temperature was 17,9 °C in mangrove area in South Denpasar District. The result showed that the highest surface temperature was 30 °C in the form of barren land, meanwhile the lowest was 27,89 °C in the form of dense vegetation space. Green Space in Denpasar in 2009 was 43,11% out of total area. Based on surface temperature distribution, there are some appropriate alternatives to develop urban forest. Urban forest type green belt, yard-park, green roof are appropriate in Developing area I that consists of security, industrial and recreational characteristics. Urban forest of park type is appropriate in Development area II, which has function as protection. Yard-park and green belt are appropriate in Developing area III that consists of settlements and and security. Garden city urban forest is appropriate in Developing area IV that consists of recreational characteristics. Urban forest type green belt along the arterial roads (solid line of vehicles) are appropriate in Developing area V that consists of security and recreational characteristics.