Identification of Deforestation and Reforestation Factors from Point View of Social-economical Aspects (Case study at KPH Kuningan, Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat dan Banten).

Abstract

Deforestation is conversion of forest into other land use/land cover due to forest exploitation, agricultural expansion, settlement development or other activities. Deforestation resulted in wildlife habitat loss and forest cover decline. Meanwhile reforestation is recovery of forest area resulted from natural regeneration or planted. Deforestation and reforestation merely is not happening in the forest or protected forest conservation, but also occur in production forests. Production forests located in Java Island is managed by Perum Perhutani. According Ichsan (2006), in general, the existence of forest is surrounded by villages with social conditions, economic classified as poor. Ownership of land by the community is very narrow, having low technological capabilities, scarcity of capital as well as limited access to public services. These conditions have made the villagers who are living around the forest are difficult to rise from poverty. Moreover revenue contribution of forest land is not optimal for for the community This study aims to determine level of deforestation and reforestation (of natural forests and forest plantations) in KPH Kuningan and identify its socioeconomic factors associated with deforestation and reforestation. The results of this research may be contributed to formulation of programs to reduce deforestation and increase reforestation of Perum Perhutani. This research was conducted in KPH Kuningan start of the month from June to December 2009. The tools used in this study is a set of computers equipped with software Arc View GIS 3.2, ERDAS Imagine 9.1, SPSS 15.0, and Microsoft Office Excel 2007; Global Positioning System (GPS), voice recorder, digital camera; questionnaire (Forest Village Community Forest Village Community Institution); and stationery. The materials used are Landsat 7 ETM (March 2002) and 5 TM (March 2009) path/row 121/65, RBI Indonesia map scale 1: 25.000, the potential of the village in 2006, statistics of Registration Forest Village Community Institution to KPH Kuningan In May 2009, and Recapitulation Results Vulnerability Identification Zone (Red/Green Area Zone) during July- December 2008 KPH Kuningan. In the period 2002-2009, deforestation occurred in Kuningan District of about 16.305,93 ha from total forest area of 29.618,19 ha. There were two villages taken as sample area namely, Sukarapih village with deforestation of - 4.20 ha/year, and Segong Village with reforestation of about 6.77 ha/year. Based on statistical analysis using logistic regression models, it was found that socioeconomic factors have gave significantly affect to deforestation were revenues, forest disturbance, and knowledge about the existence of state forestry logging. While socioeconomic factors significantly affect reforestation was participation in the reforestation of state forestry activities.