Genetic variability in the Indonesian giant clam (Tridacna crocea and Tridacna maxima) population:implications for mariculture and restocking program

Abstract

Tridacna crocea and T. maxima are relatively abundant in the Indonesian coral reef. These two species are however, under high presure due to exploitation for food, industry, and aquarium trade. It is, therefore necessary to understand their biology, such as genetic variability within and between populations, before utilizing them for strain improvement and restocking, prior to the extinction of the populations of T.crocea and T. maxima. Here we amplified a length of 456 bp of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase I gene from Tridacna crocea and 484 bp from T. maxima asses the genetic variability within and between populations of both species. The results showed that both species have high genetic diversity and polymorphism within each local population. This provides a sufficient basic for selection of improved strain of T. crocea and T. maxima for mariculture. However, if the genetic variation led to genetic differentiation among populations dua to the result of evolutionary adaption, mixing genetically different population among populations may result in the break up of co-adaption gene complexes. This might result in the loss of the physiological capacities of the parental populations.