Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Berpori dengan Porogen Polivinil Alkohol dan Pati

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a material resembles to structure of the human hard tissue. This material can be used for bone implantation. The ideal HAp is that with porosity of 100-150 μm in size. The porous HAp is used as a medium for the formation of bone tissue that grows and can enhance bone regeneration. Therefore, the synthesis of porous Hap was performed byprecipitation-sonication using sea shells Protothaca as the source of calcium and H3PO4 as the source of phosphorous. HAp pore structure was formed by adding various concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and starch at 10%, 15%, and 20%. Phase analysis of samples was carried out by x-ray diffraction (XRD), and morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results showed that, overall, the samples contain HAp phase. In addition, there were other phases of HAp such as apatite carbonate type A and type B, CaO and CaCO3. Based on SEM analysis, the best pore size was established by the addition of 15% concentratiton of PVA and starch, with the size of 2.89 μm and 2.81 μm, respectively.