Effect of rhizobacteria treatment on seed and plant as well as phosphate fertilize on the growth of female parent of hybrid maize

Abstract

The use of quality seeds from improved varieties will produce plants more productive and efficient. Seed quality constitute of genetic, physical, physiological, and health quality. Phosphate fertilizer can enhance plant growth, however only 10-30% of fertilizer P that can be absorbed by plants. The use of rhizobacteria can enhance phosphate uptake and plant growth. The objectives of this study were to improve the quality of physiological seeds and plant growth hybrid corn using rhizobacteria and phosphate fertilizers. The research has conducted in three stages of experiments in the laboratory, greenhouse and in the field. Experiment used parent of hybrid corn seed cv. Bima-3, namely: Nei9008 (female parent) and Mr14 (male parent). The groups of isolates Actinomycetes, Bacillus spp. and fluorescent pseudomonads are used in these experiments. The experiment steps were: (1) characterization and screening of rhizobakteria, (2) Evaluation of selected rhizobacteria on seed quality and seedling growth of female parent and (3) Effect of rhizobakteria treatment and phosphate fertilizer on plant growth of female parent. Experiment 3 were conducted in two seasons, season I using six isolates selected from Experiment 1 and 2, while the season II using two isolates which indicated the best result from season I. In the field experiment, the seeds has planted in polybags with sterilized soil. Experiment 3 was arranged in Split Plot Design. The main plot consisted of five doses of phosphate fertilizer, which is 0, 75, 125, 175, and 200 kg SP-36/ha (100% of recommended dosage). Subplot is rhizobacteria treatment. The results showed, there were five isolate choosed from 10 isolates of each genus of rhizobacteria based on the criteria of high producing phosphatase, negative hypersensitive reaction test, producing IAA and chitinase. Experiment 2 showed the rhizobacteria B28 and B46 increase growth rate and seed vigor index. The results of Experiment 1 and 2, rhizobacteria AB2, ATS4, B28, P14 and P31 was selected based on the ability to improve the physiological seed quality of female farent and rhizobacteria B42 based on the highest production of IAA (14.4 μg/ml). Field experiment at the season I, there were rhizobacteria ATS4 and B28 increased plant growht compare to other rhizobacteria. The results from season II, ATS4 has potential to promote plant growth with average number of leaf and plant height at 4 weeks after planting 5.2 and 56.88 cm compared to control 4.8 and 55.98 cm respectively. Phosphate fertilizer strongly influenced on the average number of leaves and plant height. In the season II at 2 and 4 weeks after planting, fertilizing with the recommended dose (200 kg SP-36/ha) showed highest average the number of leaves and the plant height compared with other treatments.