Picloram Konsentrasi 0.5 Atau 1.0 μM Dapat Menginduksi Embriogenesis Somatik Pada Biji Muda Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.)

Abstract

This research is aim to know the effect of media and picloram concentration on induction of somatic embryo of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). This research consists of three experiments. The first and second experiment used immature seed (with diameter of fruit 3.0-3.9 cm in the first experiment and 4.5-5.5 cm in the second experiment) as explant. Esperiments are factorial with two factors. First factor is type of media (MS, WPM and B5) and second factor is picloram concentration (0.0; 0.1; 0.5; and 1.0 μM). The third experiment used calli as explant. Calli were induced from manggosteen leaf cultured on MS medium supplemented with IBA 0.5 μM, Picloram 0.1 μM and TDZ 0.5 μM.. This experiment used B5 liquid medium and picloram concentration (0.0; 0.5; and 1.0 μM). The result shows that on first experiment somatic embryo formed and developed on WPM media suplemented with picloram 1.0 μM, B5 supplemented with picloram 0.5 or 1.0 μM. The rate of somatic embryo formation was 6.25% of the total explants. On the second experiment, only explant planted on treatment of B5 supplemented with picloram 0.1 μM formed somatic embryo. While explant planted on B5 supplemented with 0.5 μM formed only calli at 25% of explants. Calli on third experiment did not form somatic embryo but developed to new dense-compact calli, calli with nodule, and green protuberance. Treatment of B5 suplemented with picloram 1.0 μM formed the highest percentage of compact calli at rate 55%, while B5 suplemented with picloram 0.5 μM has the highest calli with nodule at rate 57.5%.