Kajian epidemiologi sistiserkosis pada babi dan Karakterisasi Risiko daging babi bakar batu di Kabupaten Jayawijaya Papua

Abstract

Jayawijaya Regency is a hyperendemic area of human cysticercosis in Indonesia. Disease caused of metacestoda of Taenia solium. Therefore very limited data of porcine cysticercosis are available. This study was divided into three stages, the first to assess the spread of porcine cysticercosis in Jayawijaya Regency, second to characterize the risk of burning stones (barapen), the last was examined the level of knowledge and behavior about the source of tapeworm infection. A total of 111 pigs were tested serologically to detect the presence of circulating parasite antigen using monoclonal antibody-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MoAb-ELISA). Fourty five samples (40.54%) were found positive by MoAb-ELISA, and the highest prevalence occurred from the District of Asolokobal (92.86%), followed by Musatfak (75%), Kurulu (65.22%), Bolakme (33.33%), Asologaima (31.82%), Homhom (18.18%), Hubikosi (14.29%), Jibama market (14.29%), and the lowest prevalence from Wamena Kota (5.88%). Free-range pig husbandry system (OR=4.63; P<0.01) and uncooked pork feed (OR=3.65; P<0.05) were important risk factors for porcine cysticercosis. Asolokobal District are highly vulnerable to cycticercosis. Barapen is one of culture in Jayawijaya. The research was conducted to study the relationship between barapen method and infecting humans with cysticercosis/taeniosis. Field observations indicate a barapen is divided into three parts, namely, stone and wood burning, roasting pork and eat together. The highest hot stones temperature is 300 °C and lowest 170 °C. The roasting pork take more an hour with a temperature of 60 to 90 °C. The temperature of the stone (65.66 °C) and pork (83.33 °C) removed from the barapen process were highly. The pork was cooked only spread on the grass. Opportunity to get cysticercosis in Wamena is currently puting the food that cooked on the grass. Health education were done at 41 housewives in Wamena. Overall there is an increasing public knowledge of cysticercosis after the intervention through counseling about cysticercosis is 75.28% to 100%. Differences in knowledge there is very high at the time of education is given between 58.54% and 76.61%. After one week of the results obtained do counseling is an increase in the knowledge that is not too high (36.59%). Behavioral people after an education increase of 21.39%. Health education is conducted continuously to reduce the prevalence of cysticercosis/taeniosis in Jayawijaya. The needed for counseling regarding methods of handling food hygiene, an anthropology approach about pig husbandry system and pattern of cook pork feed.

Kabupaten Jayawijaya adalah daerah hiperendemis sistiserkosis. Sistiserkosis yang disebabkan oleh larva T. solium merupakan salah satu zoonosa yang dapat memberikan gejala berat khususnya bila larva terdapat pada otak atau mata. Larva menyebabkan gejala lebih ringan bilamana ditemukan di jaringan subkutan, otot atau organ lain. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji penyebaran sistiserkosis pada babi dan mengkarakterisasi risiko daging babi yang dimasak secara bakar batu serta mengkaji tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat tentang sumber infeksi cacing pita. Kegiatan penelitian ini terdiri atas tiga bagian besar, yaitu; 1) kajian epidemiologi sistiserkosis pada babi di Kabupaten Jayawijaya, 2) karakterisasi risiko sistiserkosis pada daging babi bakar batu, 3) kaji tindak pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat Kabupaten Jayawijaya terhadap sistiserkosis. Kajian epidemiologi sistiserkosis pada babi di Kabupaten Jayawijaya merupakan penelitian yang menggunakan metode survei yang terdiri tiga tahap, pertama pengambilan serum babi untuk mendapatkan seroprevalensi dan data primer melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, tahap kedua yaitu faktor risiko sistiserkosis pada babi, tahap ketiga pemetaan sistiserkosis di Kabupaten Jayawijaya.