Pendugaan Emisi CO2 sebagai Gas Rumah Kaca Akibat Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan pada Berbagai Tipe Penutupan Lahan di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah Tahun 2000-2009

Abstract

Forest fires became yearly severe problems in Indonesia. Central Kalimantan is one of Indonesia’s provinces that experienced severe forest fires in the last decade. Land conversion may be objected as one of trigger of forest fires that will produce carbon dioxide emissions. The purpose of this research is to calculate green house gas emission especially CO2 using hotspot data based on land use conversion at Central Kalimantan in the period 2000-2009. This research conducted between April and June 2012 at Forest Fires Laboratory, Silviculture Department, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. The data used are MODIS hotspot data from Fire Information Resources Management System (FIRMS), precipitation data from Indonesian Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), and land cover map of Central Kalimantan from Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). The research results showed that primary forest decreased by 10% in 2009 while palm oil plantation increased more than 190% in 2009 compared to 2005. The numbers of hotspots are increasing from 2000 to 2009. The highest number of hotspots occurred in 2006 as 22,505 hotspot. The number of hotspots occurred on peat land (7,180) is found more than on mineral land (6,391). The increasing burned area from 2000 to 2009 correlates with the increasing of hotspots number on each land covers. Swamp shrubs have the highest burnt area of 113,609 ha, while the highest carbon emission is found from the land cover conversion of swamp shrubs into palm oil plantations as 801,764 tons. The highest carbon dioxide emission on mineral land in Central Kalimantan is found from shrubs in 2005 (459,427 ton). The highest carbon dioxide emission on peat land is found at disturbed swamp forest in 2005 (80,851 ton) and undisturbed swamp forest in 2009 (180,531 ton).