Hama dan penyakit tanaman buah naga (Hylocereus sp.) serta budidayanya di Yogyakarta

Abstract

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus sp.) has been introduced to Indonesia recently and became a commercial crop cultivated in this country. The plant, which belongs to family of Cactaceae (cactus), is native to Mexico, Central, and South America. There are no many reports about significant losses due to pests and diseases of the plant in Indonesia, or even in other countries. However, it is potential that pests and diseases can become problem in the future as the plant become widely grown in Indonesia. The objective of this research is to gather information about pest and disease occurrences found in dragon fruit and its cultivation in Yogyakarta. The research methods including interview with farmers, observation, and sampling of the pests and diseases at six dragon fruit orchards, field, and laboratory identification of the causal agents, and data processing. The pests found in dragon fruit were mealy bugs (Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae) species Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi, Ferrisia virgata, and Planococcus sp.; aphids (Hemiptera:Aphididae) species Aphis gossypii., Branchycaudus helichrysi, and Toxoptera odinae; ants (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) species Oecophylla sp., Camponotus sp., Euprenolepis sp., and Polycharis sp.; grasshoppers (Orthoptera:Acrididae) species Valanga sp., Oxya sp., and Atractomorpha sp.; mite (Acarina:Tetranycidae); snail (Acathina fulica); and birds. Chickens are not considered as a pest, however, they can cause severe damage on fruit if they are allowed to present in the orchard. Diseases found in dragon fruit were algae red rust (Cephaleuros sp.), vine orange spot (Fusarium sp.), white vine (Botryosphaeria sp. and Phomopsis sp.), stem blight (Helminthosporium sp.) and anthracnose (Colletotrichum sp.), Dothiorella spot, brownish stem rot, stem yellowing, fruit rot (Colletotrichum sp. and Helminthosporium sp.) fruit orange spot (Alternaria sp.). A black spot disease on stem has not been identified yet. Pests and diseases have not been controlled in particular system, probably because their occurrences have not resulted in a significant loss.