Diversity and Abundance of Birds in Several Habitat Types in Gunung Ciremai National Park

Abstract

Gunung Ciremai National Park is listed as an important bird area (JID24) and endemic bird area (DBE160). Information on bird diversity and abundance is needed to determined conservation strategies in Gunung Ciremai National Park. The objective of the present study was to measure the diversity and abundance of birds in various habitat types, identify similarities diversity of birds in various habitat types, and determine the factors affecting the habitat of the dominant component of the abundance of birds. The study was conducted over two months from January 2, 2010 until February 27, 2010. Bird data was collected by point count method and MacKinnon species list. The research showed that there were 68 bird species classified into 27 families. The highest number of birds species was found in the altitude 200-1.500 m asl of natural forests (41 species, 17 familes), while the lowest in the altitude 2.400 m asl of natural forest (25 species, 15 families). The natural forest at 1.500-2.400 m asl has the highest diversity and evenness of birds compared to other habitats (H '= 3.27, E=0,91). The lowest birds diversity and evenness was found in shrub habitats (H’=2,73, E=0,79). The natural forest habitat at 2.400 m asl has the higgest abundance of birds spesies with 54.54 ± 9,97 number of birds spesies. The highest similarity of bird communities was among natural forest habitat at 1.500-2.400 m asl and natural forest habitat above 2.400 m asl with 0.78 morisita indeks. The lowest similarity of birds communities was between natural forest habitat above 2.400 m asl and shrub habitat on 200-1.500 m asl with 0.08 morisita indeks. Based on guild category, the insectivore frugivore group has the highest number of spesies (14 spesies) and the other dominant groups were bark gleaning insectivore and insectivore-nectarivore recpectively 10 species (15%). Factors that determine abundance of birds were canopy density and number of trees.