Analisis Kinerja Pelaksanaan Gerakan Nasional Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Laban (GERHAN) di Pulau Ambon Provinsi Maluku

Abstract

Laju kerusakan hutan dan lahan di Indonesia hingga saat ini mencapai 2,8 juta hektar per tahun. Akibatnya terdapat lahan kritis yang semakin luas setiap tahun di seluruh Indonesia. Fenomena kerusakan hutan dan lahan dan dampak negatifnya terjadi pula di wilayah Provinsi Maluku yang memiliki lahan kritis seluas sekitar 59,24% atau 2.762.754 ha dari luas wilayah daratnya 5.418.500 ha. Sementara itu luas lahan kritis di Kota Ambon sekitar 25.344 ha. Adapun yang terdapat di dalam kawasan seluas 9.755 ha dan diluar kawasan seluas 15.589 ha. Oleh karena itu Provinsi Maluku merupakan salah satu satu wilayah sasaran kegiatan Gerakan Nasional Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan (GERHAN).

Critical land areas increasing vast by year accros Indonesia because of forest and land degradation. Those phenomenon and its negative impact also happened in the Province of Moluccas. Critical land occupied 59.24% from the total area of Moluccas. Due to this situation, since 2004 Indonesian Ministry of Forestry made Moluccas as one of the priority target for GERHAN. This study aimed to analyze the technical, sosioeconomics, and institutional aspect of GERHAN, analyze factors that cause fluctuations on GERHAN achievment, and formulate a stategic recomendations for the future implementation of forest and land rehabilitation. The study used an evaluation approach by comparing the implementation of GERHAN at Moluccas with a standard performances for GERHAN setting up by Indonesian Ministry of Forestry. Study result showed that GERHAN were carried out on three types of tenure, wich is private land, clans land, and state forest area. The community whose join the program generally did not understand the technical aspect, especially in the planning stages. From financial point of view referring to the analysis of BCR, NPV, and IRR, using 15% interest rate and 30 years as a program period, GERHAN are feasible on all typologies, with first typology as an exception. The failure of investment in GERHAN mainly caused by forest fire and without any involvement from the local institutions. The farmer institusion is ad hoc and not permanent.