Model Pengembangan Prasarana Usahatani Tingkat Tersier di Lahan Sawah Beririgasi

Abstract

Performa prasarana usahatani pada lahan pertanian dilihat berdasarkan pada kualitas, kuantitas dan teknisnya. Pengembangan prasarana usahatani perlu dilakukan agar performa prasarana usahatani optimal. Pengembangan prasarana usahatani disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan petani, karena dalam pengembangan prasarana peran petani tidak hanya dibutuhkan dalam pembangunan tetapi juga dalam pengelolaan berkelanjutan.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi kebutuhan prasarana usahatani tingkat tersier di lahan sawah beririgasi, (2) membangun model dinamik pengembangan prasarana usahatani tingkat tersier di lahan sawah beririgasi, (3) membuat rekomendasi pengembangan prasarana usahatani tingkat tersier di lahan sawah beririgasi. Langkah-langkah pendekatan sistematis dalam pembangunan model pengembangan prasarana usahatani tingkat tersier di lahan beririgasi adalah analisis kebutuhan, formulasi masalah, identifikasi sistem, pemodelan sistem (STELLA), validasi model, analisis sensitivitas dan simulasi model. Untuk itu pembangunan model pengembangan prasarana usahatani dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan pendekatan dengan model dinamik yang merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam pendekatan sistem pengembangan prasarana usahatani tingkat tersier di lahan sawah beririgasi. Pembangunan model dinamik ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui desain prasarana usahatani yang tepat sebagai upaya meningkatkan pendapatan petani.

Food production will decline by increasing the conversion of agricultural land. Important factor that also affect food production in Indonesia is generally Indonesian farmers are conventional farmers who live below the poverty line. One of solution to overcome the low production of food and farmer's low income is the development of farm infrastructures on agricultural land. The purpose of study were (1) to identify the infrastructures needed at the tertiary level of irrigated paddy field, (2) to build a dynamic model of infrastructure development at the tertiary level of irrigated paddy field and (3) to make recommendations on development of infrastructure at the tertiary level of irrigated paddy field. Steps of the systematic approach to build the farm infrastructure model at the tertiary level in irrigated paddy field were analysis of needs, problem formulation, system identification, system modeling (STELLA), model validation, sensitivity analysis and model simulation. Farmers need a more adequate farm infrastructure, such as pipe irrigation and farm roads for on-farm infrastructures and rice processing complex and groat processing machine for off-farm infrastructure. Model of infrastructure development at the tertiary level of irrigated paddy field represented the real system and it was used to design the infrastructure development at the tertiary level of irrigated paddy field. Infrastructures development should be done in integrated farming system with minimum total area of 3000 hectares. It provided the benefits for the farmers if every farmer had a minimum of 3 hectares of land area.