Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals and Malformation of Green Mussels (Perna viridis) in Jakarta Bay.

Abstract

Jakarta is Indonesia’s economy and government center and the most populated city. Besides that, Jakarta is also a home for many industries. All of these activities produce large number of waste and waste water that are usually discharged without any further treatment into the river streams, and cause heavy pollution. Polluted water at Jakarta Bay, especially from heavy metal, affects the organism that live in this area, especially green mussel (Perna viridis). The objectives of the research were to examine the bioaccumulation of heavy metal (Hg, Cd, Pb) and to develop a model of pollution load to Jakarta Bay and heavy metal accumulation in green mussel. This research used field survey methodology with green mussel in Muara Angke, Jakarta as a sample. The observed parameters were water pollution indicator, heavy metal accumulation and percentage of green mussel malformation. The result of water pollution parameter such as Biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Nitrate (NO3), Orthophosphate (PO4), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Plumbum (Pb) were higher than the allowed limit. The results showed that total pollution load (in tons/month) were 1,56 for NO3; PO4 1,32; Hg 2,03; Cd 0,26 and 248 for Pb. The bioaccumulation of heavy metals that was occurred on green mussel will be accumulated along with the age increasing. The highest value was mercury that accumulates in hepatopancreas. Due to the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in organs of mussels, morphology change (deformation/malformation) i.e. thick size larger than the width of the green mussel occurred. From the result, it could be predicted that the pollution load coming to Jakarta Bay and heavy metals accumulation in sediment and mussel depends on amount of input pollutant. This situation could be avoided by the development and implementation of the Waste Water T

Teluk Jakarta merupakan tempat bermuaranya 13 sungai yang melewati Provinsi Jawa Barat, Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan Provinsi Banten. Sungai-sungai yang bermuara ke Teluk Jakarta tersebut membawa limbah, baik berupa sampah padat maupun limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari berbagai kegiatan. Kondisi tersebut mengakibatkan kualitas lingkungan perairan akan cenderung menurun dari waktu ke waktu. Limbah cair yang masuk ke Teluk Jakarta seringkali membawa zat yang berbahaya dan beracun seperti logam berat. Logam berat merupakan unsur yang tidak dapat di uraikan dan mudah terakumulasi dalam lingkungan perairan dan dalam organisme laut. Logam berat yang masuk ke dalam lingkungan perairan selanjutnya akan terakumulasi dalam biota, terutama biota laut yang bersifat sessile.