The Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Indigenous Papua and Plantling Media to The Growth of Agarwood (Gyrinops versteegii (gilg) Domke) Plantling from In-vitro Multiplication.

Abstract

These research works were begun with field observation in Asai Natural Forest in July 2010, and experiments were conducted at Silviculture Laboratory, SEAMEO BIOTROP, Bogor, from November 2010 to June 2011. Acclimatization method was designed using completely randomized factorial design with four level planting media and three level AMF factors, and using three replicates. The objectives were to identify the species of AMF associated with Gyrinops versteegii collected from Asai Natural Forest, West Papua, to observe the compatibility of indigenous AMF Papua to G. versteegii plantling from in-vitro multiplication, on some media combination. The results showed that there were 7 species of AMF found from 5 sampling plots from Asai Natural Forest which are associated with G. versteghii; there were Glomus mossae, G. fasciculatum, G. aggregatum, Glomus sp.1, Glomus sp.2, Glomus sp.3, and Acaulospora longula. Application of AMF significantly affected to some growth parameters such as the survival percentage of plantling, height and diameter of stem, fresh weight of top and root, roots geometry, vigor, and plantling quality index as well as the presence of stomata. AMF consortium inoculums from Asai Natural Forest gave a better response to the growth of Gyrinops plantlings compared to Gigaspora margarita.

Untuk mendapatkan pohon penghasil gubal gaharu yang baik, harus menggunakan bibit dari pohon gaharu potensial, yaitu bibit unggul dari pohon inang yang telah terbukti menghasilkan gubal gaharu di alam. Namun demikian produktifitas benih yang rendah menyebabkan kesulitan memperoleh anakan pohon gaharu dalam jumlah banyak di alam, padahal untuk tujuan budidaya yang luas sangat diperlukan bibit berkualitas dalam jumlah cukup dan tersedia tepat waktu. Di sisi lain, selama ini bibit yang digunakan berasal dari biji atau semai hutan alam dimana jumlah bibit terbatas, kualitas bibit rendah dan peluang memperoleh gubal gaharu setelah penanaman relatif kecil karena bibit yang digunakan belum tentu berasal dari induk yang berpontesi menghasilkan gubal gaharu.