Pengaruh Penggunaan berbagai Pupuk Daun terhadap Pertumbuhan Caisim (Brassica juncea L)

Abstract

Indonesia is an agricultural country which means that agriculture has an important role in supporting the economic, social, and cultural sectors. Soil fertility is one of the important factors in order to obtain successfull productivity in agriculture. The intensive utilization of fertilizer is a common activity run by farmers to improve the fertility of soil. Therefore an advance technology in agriculture is developed as well, one of them is foliar fertilizer. This research was conducted with the aim of creating inorganic fertilizers, to know the best fertilizer for improving soil fertility and crop productivity. This research used Chinesse vegetables (Brassica juncea L) for testing the efficiency of the fertilizer. Planting was carried out in a plastic house in the back yard of Laboratory of Physical Development and Land Resources. Analysis of nutrient concentration of goat urine, making MTA fertilizer and plant analysis were performed at the Laboratory of Chemistry and Soil Fertility, and the Laboratory of Physical Development and Land Resources, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments and three replications, where the treatments included Controls (Aquades), Gandasil D (PG), MTA Fertilizer (PA), Liquid Fertilizer GDP (PB), Liquid Fertilizer GDL (PC), and Kacang Goat Urine (PU). Fertilization affected the growth of Chinesse vegetables. It could be seen from height, leaf numbers, wet weight, and dry weight that resulted from five treatments were better than control plant. The research output indicated that N, K, and Ca concentrations in PA, PU, and PG treatments were not significantly different meanwhile P and Mg concentration were significantly different. This was because PU treatment contained N nutrient that were relatively similar to PA treatment. Overall, the highest production obtained in PA treatment and followed by PB and PU treatments. The research output also indicated that N and P plant uptakes in PA, PU, and PG treatments were significantly different meanwhile K, Ca, and Mg plant uptakes were not significantly different. Fertilizer efficiency showed that PA and PU treatments were not significantly different in N and K elements, but significantly different in P element. Overall, the highest fertilizer efficiency of N and P elements were in PA treatment, fertilizer efficiency of K and Ca elements were in PB treatment, and fertilizer efficiency of Mg element was in PG treatment.

Indonesia merupakan negara agraris yang berarti pertanian memegang peranan penting dalam mendukung sektor ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya bangsa. Kesuburan tanah merupakan salah satu kunci penting dalam mencapai keberhasilan produktivitas pertanian. Pemakaian pupuk secara intensif merupakan kegiatan yang umumnya dilakukan petani untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah. Oleh karena itu berbagai alternatif teknologi maju dikembangkan dalam bidang pertanian, salah satunya adalah penggunaan pupuk daun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat pengaruh berbagai pupuk daun serta memilih pupuk daun terbaik yang efektif dalam meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman. Dalam penelitian digunakan tanaman caisim (Brassica juncea L) sebagai tanaman uji. Penanaman dilaksanakan di rumah plastik di halaman belakang Laboratorium Pengembangan Sumberdaya Fisik Lahan. Analisis kadar hara urin kambing, pembuatan pupuk MTA serta analisis tanaman dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia dan Kesuburan Tanah, dan Laboratorium Pengembangan Sumberdaya Fisik Lahan, Departemen Ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAL dengan enam perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan meliputi kontrol (K), pupuk anorganik berupa pupuk Gandasil D (PG), pupuk MTA (PA), pupuk GDP (PB), pupuk GDL (PC), dan pupuk organik berupa pupuk urin kambing kacang (PU). Pemupukan dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan caisim. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari tinggi, jumlah daun, bobot basah, dan bobot kering yang dihasilkan dari kelima perlakuan lebih baik dibandingkan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar hara N, K, dan Ca pada perlakuan PA, PU, dan PG tidak berbeda nyata sedangkan kadar hara P dan Mg berbeda nyata. Hal ini disebabkan karena perlakuan PU mengandung unsur N yang relatif sama dengan perlakuan PA. Secara keseluruhan, produksi tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan PA dan disusul oleh perlakuan PB dan PU. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa serapan hara N dan P pada perlakuan PA, PU, PG berbeda nyata sedangkan serapan hara K, Ca, dan Mg tidak berbeda nyata. Efisiensi pupuk menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan PA dan PU tidak berbeda nyata pada unsur N dan K, tetapi berbeda nyata pada unsur P. Secara keseluruhan, efisiensi pupuk N dan P tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan PA, efisiensi pupuk K dan Ca pada perlakuan PB serta efisiensi pupuk Mg pada perlakuan PG.