Konservasi Ex-situ Bambu Duri (Bambusa blumeana J.A. & J.H. Schultes) di Arboretum Bambu Kampus Darmaga
Ex-situ Conservation of Thorny Bamboo (Bambusa blumeana J.A. & J.H. Schultes) in Bamboo Arboretum of Darmaga Campus.
Abstract
Thorny bamboo has been settled as one of 12 rare bamboo species that was been established as priority indicator in Indonesia. Thorny bamboo is conservational plant because of its ecological function and its function as buffer for hydrological system. Bamboo Arboretum of Darmaga Campus has a collection of thorny bamboo. The objectives of this research were to identify damage of the bamboo clump, to identify cause of factor damaged clump thorny bamboo and also to formulate the ex-situ conservation effort that suitable to conserve thorny bamboo. This research was supposed to provide information about morphology and existence of thorny bamboo in Bamboo Arboretum of Darmaga Campus and also conservation of thorny bamboo, especially in ex-situ conservation programme, thus conservation effort of thorny bamboo could be increased. This research was carried out at Bamboo Arboretum of Darmaga Campus for one month, from November to December 2011. Collected data was including primary and secondary data. Primary data was consisted of characteristic of thorny bamboo, total of grove, bamboo groves condition (reed and shoot) and exsitu conservation programme. Secondary data was obtained from literature study that including physical condition of research location, morphology of thorny bamboo, growth characteristic of thorny bamboo and conservation programme to reduce the damage of thorny bamboo. Data was analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. This research of thorny bamboo in Bamboo Arboretum of Darmaga Campus was only one grove with the total number of reeds was 49 reeds, 20 are still alive (4 chicks) and 29 broken reed. This damage was caused by environmental factors (inter-specific competition, distance of grove and wind) and anthropogenic factor (lack of maintenance). Living young shoot was only one. The lack of young shoot growth could be caused by the lack of nutrients and the lack of intensive maintenance. Thus it needed an ex-situ conservation programme to cultivate thorny bamboo. Ex-situ conservation programme could be performed through vegetative reproduction (stem cutting and branch cutting), weed removing, installing of fence, production and installing of interpretation board and also tissue culture (in-vitro), watering, cleansing of weeds, fertilization and eradication of plant disease and pest. Conclusion of this research was the condition of thorny bamboo suffered damage caused by a variety of factors and to overcome those conditions as necessary conservation program. Bambu duri (Bambusa blumeana J.A. & J.H. Schultes) ditetapkan sebagai 12 spesies bambu langka yang merupakan indikator priotitas di Indonesia. Bambu duri merupakan tumbuhan konservasi karena memiliki fungsi ekologi dan sebagai penyangga sistem hidrologi. Arboretum Bambu Kampus Darmaga memiliki koleksi bambu duri yang kondisinya tidak banyak diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kerusakan pada rumpun bambu duri, mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab kerusakan rumpun bambu duri serta merumuskan program (upaya) konservasi ex-situ untuk melestarikan spesies bambu duri. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi mengenai keberadaan bambu duri di Arboretum Bambu Kampus Darmaga serta pelestarian bambu duri khususnya di dalam program konservasi ex-situ sehingga konservasi bambu duri ini lebih ditingkatkan. Lokasi penelitian dilaksanakan di Arboretum Bambu Kampus Darmaga dengan waktu penelitian selama 1 bulan yakni pada bulan November s/d Desember 2011. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan yakni data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer meliputi karakter morfologi bambu duri, jumlah rumpun, kondisi rumpun bambu duri (buluh dan rebung) dan program konservasi ex-situ. Data sekunder diperoleh melalui studi literatur meliputi kondisi fisik lokasi penelitian, morfologi bambu duri, karakterisitik pertumbuhan bambu duri dan program (upaya) konservasi untuk mengurangi kerusakan bambu duri. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bambu duri di Arboretum Bambu Kampus Darmaga hanya memiliki 1 rumpun bambu dengan total jumlah buluh sebanyak 49 buluh, 20 buluh yang masih hidup (4 anakan) dan 29 buluh yang patah. Kerusakan yang terjadi diakibatkan oleh faktor lingkungan (persaingan interspesifik, jarak rumpun dan angin kencang) dan faktor manusia (kurangnya pemeliharaan). Rebung muda yang hidup hanya terdapat 1 rebung muda. Kurangnya pertumbuhan rebung muda dapat disebabkan oleh faktor kurangnya zat-zat makanan atau nutrisi yang didapatkan oleh bambu duri dan tidak adanya pemeliharaan yang intensif. Oleh sebab itu diperlukannya program konservasi exsitu untuk membudidayakan spesies bambu duri. Program konservasi ex-situ dapat dilakukan dengan perbanyakan vegetatif (stek batang dan stek cabang), penyiangan, pemasangan pagar, pembuatan dan pemasangan papan interpretasi, kultur jaringan (in-vitro), penyiraman, pembersihan gulma, pemupukan serta pemberantasan hama dan penyakit. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa kondisi rumpun bambu duri mengalami kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor dan untuk mengatasi kondisi tersebut diperlukan program konservasi.