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      Dampak Perubahan Iklim dan Strategi Adaptasi Masyarakat Sekitar Hutan di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, Nusa Tenggara Timur

      Impacts of Climate Change and Forest Community Adaptation Strategy in Southern Central Timor District, East Nusa Tenggara.

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      Date
      2012
      Author
      Sukma, Angga Prima
      Suharjito, Didik
      Sakuntaladewi,Niken
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      Abstract
      Climate change is indicated by the change in precipitation, temperature, rainy and dry seasons within a long period of time. This change gives impacts to the natural resources and the lives of the communities. The main concern is the negative impacts of the climate change, such as floods, landslides, soil erosion, drought, and failure of food harvest that cause the vulnerability of the communities. These communities have to adapt with the changes in their surrounding environment in order for them to survive. This research aimed to get pictures of the communities’ understanding of climate change, identify and classify the impacts of climate change on the lives of the communities, as well as to study their adaptation strategies to survive. The research is conducted in Nenas and Bena Villages, Southern Central Timor District, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The results showed that most of the communities did not understand what it meant by climate change. What they did understand was that there was an uncertain changes in seasons (the rainy and dry seasons). This unpredictable seasons gave difficulties for the communities to schedule the planting time. The extreme weather (both the long period of wet season and the heavy rainfall) gave negative impacts, directly and indirectly, to the communities and its surrounding environment, such as flood, landslides, drought, limited water availability, and ultimately decreased the agricultural productions. Other negative impacts of the climate change were communities’ health problems, and dry grasslands and scrub that were prone to fires. The communities had done some strategies to adapt, such as tree planting for flood control, adjustment of cropping pattern and planting time, changed the agricultural species, built wells, and with the help of the local governments they constructed irrigation and reservoir. Adaptation strategies implemented by the communities in the research villages were mostly reactive and anticipative adaptation.
       
      Perubahan iklim ditandai dengan adanya perubahan curah hujan, suhu, musim hujan dan kemarau dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Perubahan ini memberikan dampak terhadap sumberdaya alam dan kehidupan masyarakat. Perhatian utama perubahan iklim adalah dampak negatif seperti banjir, tanah longsor, erosi tanah, kekeringan, dan gagal panen yang menyebabkan kerentanan masyarakat. Masyarakat ini harus beradaptasi dengan perubahan di lingkungan sekitar mereka agar dapat bertahan hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran dari pemahaman masyarakat terhadap perubahan iklim, mengidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasi dampak perubahan iklim terhadap kehidupan masyarakat, serta untuk mempelajari strategi adaptasi masyarakat terhadap perubahan iklim. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Nenas dan Desa Bena, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar masyarakat tidak mengerti apa yang dimaksud dengan perubahan iklim. Apa yang masyarakat pahami adalah bahwa ada perubahan musim (hujan dan kemarau) yang tidak menentu. Perubahan musim yang tidak terduga memberikan kesulitan bagi masyarakat untuk menjadwalkan waktu tanam. Musim yang ekstrim (baik musim hujan dengan curah hujan tinggi dan kemarau panjang) memberikan dampak negatif secara langsung dan tidak langsung, kepada masyarakat dan lingkungan sekitarnya seperti banjir, tanah longsor, kekeringan, ketersedian air yang terbatas, dan akhirnya dapat menurunkan produksi pertanian. Dampak negatif lain dari perubahan iklim adalah masalah kesehatan masyarakat, padang rumput dan semak kering yang rentan kebakaran. Masyarakat telah melakukan beberapa strategi untuk beradaptasi seperti penanaman pohon untuk pengendalian banjir, penyesuaian pola tanam waktu tanam, mengubah spesies tanaman pertanian, membangun sumur, dan dengan bantuan dari Pemerintah Daerah untuk membangun saluran irigasi, serta pembuatan bak penampung air bersih. Strategi adaptasi yang diimplementasikan oleh masyarakat di desa penelitian sebagian besar merupakan adaptasi reaktif dan antisipatif.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/55983
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      • UT - Forest Management [3207]

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