Analisis Pertumbuhan Sektor Berbasis Kehutanan dan Dampaknya Terhadap Distribusi Pendapatan dan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Indonesia : Pendekatan Input-Output Miyazawa

Abstract

Sektor berbasis sumberdaya alam seperti sektor berbasis kehutanan masih menjadi andalan dalam pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia ke depan. Selama ini peran sektor berbasis kehutanan telah memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar dalam menghasilkan devisa, sumber pendapatan masyarakat melalui penyerapan tenaga kerja dan menciptakan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Namun demikian, eksploitasi berlebih terhadap sumberdaya hutan yang berlangsung hampir lebih dari tiga dekade selama ini, berdampak pada degradasi kualitas dan kuantitas sumberdaya hutan. Kondisi tersebut berimplikasi terhadap menurunnya output hasil hutan terutama kayu dan hasil kayu olahan lainnya.

Forestry based sectors have role important to economy, but its problems are output of forestry based sectors have decreased during the last one decade which showed from decreasing its contribution to total Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This condition will impact on economy as a whole especially in economic growth, employment, household income and others sectors which have related. One of the strategy to increase its output by increase factors which is become sources of its output growth are consist of exsport exspansion, domestic demand, import substitution and technological change. This research is aimed to (1) analyze sources of output growth in forestry based sectors, (2) analyze impact of increasing output on household income distribution and employment, and (3) analyze linkages of forestry based sectors. This research analysis using the input-output miyazawa model. The model is extension from Indonesia input-output table. Forestry based sectors are divided into five sub sectors such as forestry, sawntimber industry, pulp industry, plywood industry and furniture industry. The results showed that sources of output growth in forestry, sawntimber industry, furniture industry and plywood industry mainly are caused by domestic demand factor, meanwhile in pulp industry is caused by exsport exspansion. Increasing output of forestry based sectors are able to increase household income and employment. Increasing income especially in low income group in rural area. All forestry based sectors except furniture industry, have strong forward linkages. Thre are three sectors which have strong backward linkages are furniture, pulp and plywood industry.