Studi Pengembangan Hutan Kota Universitas Riau Berdasarkan Persepsi dan Preferensi Masyarakat Kampus
Study Development of University of Riau Urban Forest Based on Perception and Preferences Campus Community”.
Abstract
The high level of development has resulted in many environmental problems, which affected the societal conditions. Urban forest can be one solution to deal with environmental problems. The University of Riau (UR) urban forest is one of the urban forests in Pekanbaru, which was appointed in 2007 with the purpose to meet the required minimum total amount of urban forest inPekanbaru City which is 10%. The urban forest itself has a total area of 50 ha where 20 ha have been developed and another 30 ha will be developed and is the study site. The objective of this study was to develop a model for UR urban forest development based on the perceptions and preferences of the campus community. The study was expected to provide inputs for the manager of the urban forest (Engineering Service Unit) and Pekanbaru Municipal Government in the development of the UR urban forest in order to function optimally. The study was conducted at the University of Riau in Riau Province. Data were collected in November and December 2011. The method used in data collection included literature studies, observation and interviews. Observations were conducted with using of stratified sampling on the campus community which was then stratified into the category of student, faculty and the community around campus. The most important function that is needed by the community is the function that support the health benefits, UR urban forest would be developed to provide health and aesthetic functions. Furthermore, since UR also serves as a means of education because of its location within campus, it would be developed as an education type urban forest which would also accommodate the functions for health, aesthetics and conservation. The development of UR urban forest would be conducted through the development of blocks, space, vegetation and support facilities. UR urban forest would be divided into blocks consisting of intensive use areas comprising of parking lots, fruit plants block and water body as well as non-intensive areas of woody plants block. UR urban forest development would also consider the division of space into space for development of facilities in intensive block and space for development of biodiversity in non-intensive block. Development of vegetation in each block would be determined based on criteria such as soil conditions, visitor attraction and plant collections. Vegetation that would be established in the UR urban forest would comprise of categories of vegetation such as popular, swamp, local, fruits and aesthetics. While supporting facilities such as observation towers and greenhouse were aim to meet the needs of visitors for an educated attracted setting. Tingginya tingkat pembangunan mengakibatkan munculnya banyak masalah lingkungan, yang berdampak pada kondisi sosial masyarakat. Hutan kota dapat menjadi solusi dalam menanggulangi masalah lingkungan. Hutan kota Universitas Riau (UR) merupakan salah satu hutan kota di Pekanbaru, yang ditunjuk pada tahun 2007 dengan tujuan untuk memenuhi luas hutan kota Pekanbaru sebesar 10%. Luas hutan kota UR adalah 50 ha yang 20 ha diantaranya telah dikembangkan dan 30 ha lainnya akan dikembangkan dan merupakan lokasi dari penelitin ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan model pengembangan hutan kota UR berdasarkan persepsi dan preferensi masyarakat kampus. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan bagi pengelola (Engineering Service Unit) dan Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru dalam pengembangan hutan kota UR agar fungsinya optimal. Penelitian dilakukan di Kampus Universitas Riau, Provinsi Riau. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan November hingga Desember 2011. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data yaitu studi pustaka, observasi lapang dan wawancara. Penentuan responden untuk wawancara menggunakan metode stratifikasi (stratified sampling) terhadap masyarakat kampus, yang menghasilkan tiga kategori yaitu mahasiswa, dosen dan masyarakat sekitar kampus. Fungsi hutan kota UR yang paling diinginkan oleh masyarakat kampus berdasarkan persepsi dan preferensi yaitu fungsi kesehatan. Oleh karena lokasi hutan kota UR yang berada di dalam kampus, maka tipe yang akan dikembangkan di hutan kota UR adalah tipe edukasi, namun tetap mengakomodir fungsi kesehatan, konservasi dan estetika. Pengembangan hutan kota UR dilakukan melalui pengembangan blok, ruang, vegetasi dan fasilitas pendukung. Hutan kota UR dibagi menjadi blok intensif yang terdiri dari areal parkir, areal tanaman buah dan areal waduk dan blok non intensif yaitu areal tanaman berkayu. Pengembangan hutan kota UR juga akan mempertimbangkan pembagian ruang menjadi ruang pengembangan fasilitas pada blok intensif dan ruang pengembangan keanekaragaman hayati pada blok non intensif. Pengembangan vegetasi dalam setiap blok ditetapkan berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria seperti kondisi lahan, daya tarik pengunjung dan koleksi tanaman. Vegetasi yang akan dikembangkan di hutan kota UR terdiri dari kategori vegetasi populer, vegetasi rawa, vegetasi lokal, vegetasi buah-buahan dan vegetasi estetika. Pengembangan fasilitas pendukung juga diperlukan untuk mendukung tipe edukasi agar fungsi hutan kota UR lebih optimal, seperti menara pengamatan dan rumah kaca.