Pengaruh Pupuk Majemuk NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Produksi dan Serapan Hara Jagung (Zea mays. L) Pada Latosol Darmaga.
Effect of NPK Compound Fertilizer on growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Maize (Zea Mays. L) In Darmaga’s Latosol
Abstract
Agricultural activity is highly dependent on fertilizer and fertilization especially in two last decades. This is due to agricultural lands in Indonesia have relatively low of soil fertility levels, therefore less ability to support plant growth. Fertilization was mainly manner to promote better plant growth. This study aims to compare the effect of compound and conventional fertilizer on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of maize in Darmaga’s Latosol. Compound fertilizer branded with "Big Growth" (15:15:10) (here in after abbreviated as BG) was compared with conventional fertilizers i.e. Urea, TSP and KCl. The trials were conducted at Cikabayan Experiment Station, Darmaga, Bogor. Soil and plant tissue analysis were done at the Laboratory of Soil Chemistry and Soil Fertility, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Completely Randomize Block Design with 6 treatments and 3 replications were used in this trial. These treatments are: (1) Control (2) Standards (3) BG 0.5 (4) BG 1.0 (5) BG 1.5 (6) BG 2.0 which each equivalent to 0.5; 1 ; 1.5 and 2 times of the standard dose of fertilization. The trial results showed that Standards and BG treatments have significantly increased of plant height, weight of corn cobs per plot, weight samples of corn cobs and weight of corn grain samples and per plot compared with controls treatment. BG treatments have not significantly effect on uptake of N and K compared with standard treatments but tended to be higher. The weight of corn cobs in BG 0.5 treatment in proportion to Standard treatments and statistically not significant, but for grain weight per plot tended to be higher. Beside that, BG treatments have residual effect on availability of P and exchangeable K of soil which are tend to increase after the trials. Saat ini aktivitas pertanian sangat tergantung pada pupuk dan pemupukan khususnya pada 20 tahun terakhir. Hal ini disebabkan tanah-tanah pertanian di Indonesia memiliki tingkat kesuburan tanah relatif rendah sehingga kurang mampu mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman. Pemupukan merupakan cara terpenting dalam mendorong pertumbuhan tanaman yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan pengaruh pemberian pupuk majemuk dan pupuk konvensional terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi, dan serapan hara tanaman jagung pada Latosol Darmaga. Pupuk majemuk bermerk “Big Growth” (15:15:10) (yang selanjutnya disingkat BG) dibandingkan dengan pupuk konvensional yaitu Urea, SP 36 Dan KCl. Percobaan dilakukan di kebun percobaan Cikabayan, Darmaga, Bogor. Analisis tanah dan jaringan tanaman dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia dan Kesuburan Tanah, Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RAK) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan diterapkan pada percobaan ini. Perlakuan yang diberiakan adalah: (1) Kontrol (2) Standar (3) BG 0.5 (4) BG 1.0 (5) BG 1.5 (6) BG 2.0 yang masing-masing setara dengan 0.5; 1; 1.5; dan 2 kali dosis standar. Hasil percobaan menunjukan bahwa perlakuan Standar dan BG nyata meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, bobot tongkol per petak, bobot tongkol contoh dan bobot pipilan jagung per petak dibandingkan perlakuan Kontrol. Perlakuan BG mempunyai pengaruh yang tidak berbeda nyata pada serapan hara N dan K dibandingkan standar. Bobot tongkol per petak pada perlakuan BG 0.5 relatif sama dengan Standar namun untuk bobot pipilan per petak cenderung lebih tinggi dari Standar meskipun secara statistik tidak berbeda nyata. Disamping hal tersebut perlakuan BG menimbulkan pengaruh residu pada kadar P tersedia dan K dapat ditukar yang cenderung meningkat setelah percobaan.