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      Model ekonomi rumahtangga petani kedelai di Indonesia: analisis dampak kebijakan terhadap tenaga kerja, pendapatan, dan pengeluaran

      Soybean farm household economic model in Indonesia: policy impact analysis on labour, income and expenditure

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      Date
      2012
      Author
      Susetyanto
      Sinaga,Bonar M.
      Harianto
      Saragih, Bungaran
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      Abstract
      Soybean as a source of protein was processed to several products such as soy-cake, tofu, soy-paste, waste-soy cake, soy-sauce, soy-layer, milk, yoghurt, soy-oil, and soy meat-like. The interesting issue of the farm household is the complex interactions between production and consumption decisions. The soybean plantation status is the secondary crops after paddy. The simultaneous production and consumption decisions of the farm household can be analysed by inter-relations among labour, income, and expenditure. The low soy productivity and the slow extent suggested studies soybean farm household economic model. The objectives of the research was to: (1) identify the dominant factor that influence to farm household decisions, (2) analyze the inter-relations among labour, income and expenditure, (3) analyze the impact of input technology production, and (4) analyze price policy impact on soy production and farm-household income. The procedure analysis was formulated by simultaneous equation, which has inter-relations among endogenous and exogenous variables, with Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) estimation method and Newton solution. The study was conducted in Pasuruan and Ponorogo–East Java, Wonogiri–Central Java, Gunung Kidul–Yogyakarta, Garut–West Java, and Central Lampung–Lampung province. The location and farmers were determined and selected by purposive and stratified random sampling method (250 persons). The price changes policy covered to food commodity (soybean and paddy), input-technology production such as seed, fertilizer, and pesticide (growing stimulant and rhizoplus), paddy price, labour wage, and the sinergies of soy price with farm production facilities. The result showed that the best policy of increasing soy production and farm-household income were the policy increasing of soy price 25% and 37.5%;combination of soy price 25% and paddy price 15%;combination of soy price 25%, paddy price 15%, and labour wage 10%;combination of soy price 37.5% and farm production facilities prices 10%;and combination of soy price 37.5% with paddy price 15%,labour wage 10%, also farm production facilities prices 10%. These scenarios could be done to determine the basic price of paddy and secondary crops, alsorecomended to diminish or to abort fertilizer and pesticide subsidy. The policy impact of this scenario, influenced to increasing of soy production and farm-household income,were expected to improve the soybean plantation for processing industry, and to introduce product diversification in order to reach food security and soy self-sufficiency
       
      Isu menarik dalam rumahtangga petani adalah hubungan kompleks antara keputusan rumahtangga produsen dan konsumen. Status petani kedelai adalah sebagai petani tanaman sekunder setelah tanaman padi (primer). Keputusan produksi dan konsumsi rumahtangga petani secara simultan dapat dianalisis dengan melihat hubungan antara tenaga kerja, pendapatan, dan pengeluaran rumahtangga petani. Produksi, produktivitas dan luas areal panen kedelai yang rendah, merupakan alasan perlunya dilakukan penelitian model ekonomi rumahtangga petani kedelai di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari perilaku ekonomi rumahtangga petani kedelai di Indonesia dengan menggunakan model ekonomi rumahtangga, khususnya dampak kebijakan terhadap tenaga kerja, pendapatan dan pengeluaran rumahtangga, yaitu: (1) mengidentifikasi perilaku rumahtangga petani dan faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan produksi dan pengeluaran rumahtangga petani, (2) menganalisis keterkaitan antara penggunaan tenaga kerja, pendapatan dan pengeluaran rumahtangga petani, termasuk produksi, sarana produksi, tenaga kerja, pendapatan, konsumsi dan investasi, serta tabungan dan kredit pertanian, (3) menganalisis pengaruh penerapan input teknologi produksi dan inovasi teknologi baru pada rumahtangga petani kedelai terhadap produksi kedelai dan pendapatan rumahtangga, dan (4) menganalisis dampak kebijakan kenaikan harga terhadap produksi kedelai dan pendapatan rumahtangga. Kerangka pemikiran mengacu pada model ekonomi rumahtangga petani atau Agricultural/Farm Household Modeldari Bagi dan Singh, dimana perilaku rumahtangga petani dianalisis dari sisi produksi dan sisi konsumsi, yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor input teknologi produksi, tenaga kerja, pendapatan, pengeluaran konsumsi dan investasi, tabungandankreditpertanian. Kriteria yang digunakan adalah kriteria ekonomi, pengujian statistik, dan asumsi model ekonometri. Prosedur analisis menggunakan persamaan simultan, dengan melihat keterkaitan antara peubah endogen dan peubah eksogen, menggunakan metode pendugaan Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) dengan solusi Newton. Penelitian dilakukan di kabupaten Pasuruan dan Ponorogo propinsi Jawa Timur, Wonogiri–Jawa Tengah, Gunung Kidul–D.I.Yogyakarta, Garut–Jawa Barat, dan Lampung Tengah–Lampung. Pemilihan daerah sampel berdasarkan statusnya sebagai penghasil kedelai nasional secarapurposivesampling, dengan metode pengambilan sampel secara stratified random sampling, dimana strata luas lahan garapan adalah di bawah 0.50 ha, antara 0.50–1.00 ha, dan di atas 1.00 ha, yang terdiri dari petani pemilik dan petani penggarap, pada sawah beririgasi teknis, setengah teknis, dan tadah hujan.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/55386
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