Potensi Pemanfaatan Limbah Biji Karet (Hevea brasiliansis Muell.Arg) Sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif Biokerosin Untuk Keperluan Rumah Tangga (Studi Kasus eli Desa Nanga Jetak Kec.Dedai Kab. Sintang ProY.Kalimantan Barat)
POTENCY FOR UTILIZATION OF RUBBER (Hevea brasiliensis Muel. Arg) SEED WASTE AS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE BIOKEROSENE FOR HOUSEHOLD PURPOSE (Case study in Nanga Jetak village, Dedai subdistrict, Sintang regency, West Kalimantan province)
Abstract
Pohon karet selain menghasilkan getah, juga menghasilkan biji yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber benih. Terjadinya krisis energi dan menipisnya BBM dari fosil berdampak pada Iingkungan antara lain berkontribusi terhadap pemanasan global dengan melepaskan gas rumah kaca (karbondioksida) ke atmosfrr dan juga merupakan sumber polusi udara. Naiknya harga Bahan Bakar Minyak (SBM) menyebahkan kelangkaan minyak seperti minyak tanah, premium dan solar. Biokerosene could be obtained from various seeds, such as rubber seed. Rubber seed could be processed into biokerosene (kerosene). The objective of this research was learning the potency of biokerosene from tended plantation and untended plantation. Other objective which was desired to be achieved was determining the ability of rubber seed biokerosene to ignite kerosene stove in households. Experiment in this study was designed as Block Randomized Factorial experiment to determine the yield from tended and untended rubber plantation, and Completely Randomized Factorial experiment to learn the density, viscosity, and FFF (Free Fatty Acid), where each design comprised two factors, namely peeling and sundrying. Paired-t test was used for learning whether the characteristics of crude oil differed from characteristics ofbiokerosene. Results of this research showed that yield is affected by peeling factor, whereas sun-drying did not affect it. Therefore, yield from peeled rubber seeds was higher than that of intact seeds. Yield of crude oil and biokerosene from tended plantation was higher than that from untended plantation. In terms of FFA, factors of peeling and sun-drying did not affect the values of FF A. However, factors of peeling and sun-drying did not affect the values of density and viscocity. Substitution of biokerosene for kerosene could extend the duration of flame. Best result based on temperature, was found at proportion of 20 % biokerosene and 80 % kerosene which was further tested together with the community on kerosene stove. Results of socialization to the community of Nanga village showed that the community supported the effort to develop biokerosene from this rubber seed, whereas up to now, rubber seeds are still considered as waste.