Pengembangan sistem penunjang manajemen audit produksi bersih pada agroindustri karet remah

Abstract

Natural rubber is one of Indonesia’s strategic agroindustry commodity viewed from its role as the country’s source of foreign exchange in the sub-sector of plantations and the creation of employment. Considering that the production of Indonesian natural rubber is mostly directed toward the export market, it is necessary for Indonesia to observe various developments in the demands of world consumers, including environmental issues and sustainable development. The Indonesian natural rubber industry has become the focus of attention regarding the amount of potential liquid waste, solid waste, and odor emission produced by a series of crumb rubber production process. In order to be efficient in environmental management, it is necessary for the industrial circle to switch from the noneconomical end-of-pipeline processing approach to the cleaner production approach to help increase the efficiency, profit, and competitiveness of the Indonesian rubber industry in the global market. The objective of this study is to develop an audit management support system for the cleaner production of crumb rubber industry with the following stages: 1) crumb rubber industry system analysis, 2) policy synthesis and cleaner production system support models, and 3) cleaner production management support system design in crumb rubber industry.The results of analysis revealed that the implementation of cleaner production in crumb rubber industry is influenced by the company’s internal and external factors. The main external driving factors on cleaner production in crumb rubber industry are the developments of consumer requirements on the environmental aspect, government regulations, and the economic benefits of cleaner production. The successfulness of cleaner production in crumb rubber industry is much influenced by the condition of farmers’ raw rubber which has not met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) as a result of the culture of perpetrators who often add contaminating materials for the purpose of increasing rubber weight. Several recommended policies are the need of a price incentive system for raw rubber, socialization of cleaner production for perpetrators, partnership between factories and farmers, the certainty of raw material supply for new factories, the improvement in the role of regional government, and the improvement in law enforcement.To support theperformanceof cleaner production incrumb rubber industry,SIMProsihCRwas designed inthe form of a softwarewhich is easilyoperated with models, namely 1) cleaner production audit protocol model, 2) comprehensive environmental performance assessment model, 3) environmental performance rating model, and 4) ISO 14001 sertification readiness assessment model. SIMProsihCRcan be used bythe crumb rubber industry. The verification process and themodel validationtakes data from a private crumb rubber factory from South Sumatera as well as confirmation from experts.

Bagi Indonesia, karet alam termasuk salah satu komoditas agroindustri strategis ditinjau dari peranannya sebagai penghasil devisa negara sub-sektor perkebunan dan penciptaan lapangan pekerjaan.Pendapatan devisa darikomoditi karet pada tahun 2010 mencapai US$ 7,3milyardari total ekspor 2,351 juta ton karet. Komoditas karet menjadi tumpuan mata pencaharian tidak kurang dari 2,28 juta kepala keluarga petani yang tersebar di 25 provinsi, terutama di provinsi Sumatera, Jawa, dan Kalimantan (Ditjenbun 2010). Dengan karakteristik sebagian besar karet alam Indonesia dihasilkan dari perkebunan rakyat, ekspor karet alam Indonesia didominasi oleh karet remah (crumb rubber, Standard Indonesian Rubber/SIR) yakni sebesar 95,63 persen; sisanya diekspor dalam bentuk RSS (Ribbed Smoke Sheet), lateks pekat, dan lainnya berturut-turut sebesar 3,87 persen, 0,46 persen, dan 0,04 persen (Depperin 2010; Amir & Honggokusumo 2010). Mengingat produksi karet alam Indonesia sebagian besar ditujukan untuk pasar ekspor, maka Indonesia perlu mencermati berbagai perkembangan tuntutan konsumen global termasuk isu lingkungan hidup dan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Industri karet alam Indonesia, banyak mendapat sorotan sehubungan besarnya potensi limbah cair, limbah padat, serta emisi bau yang dihasilkan dari rangkaian proses produksi karet remah. Agar efisien dalam pengelolaan lingkungan, kalangan industri perlu beralih dari pendekatan pengolahan akhir pipa yang tidak ekonomis ke pendekatan produksi bersih untuk membantu meningkatkan efisiensi, keuntungan, serta daya saing industri karet Indonesia di pasar global.Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan sistem penunjang manajemen audit produksi bersih pada agroindustri karet remah, dengan tahapan berikut: 1) analisis sistem agroindustri karet remah, 2) sintesis kebijakan dan model-model pendukung sistem produksi bersih, dan 3) disain sistem penunjang manajemen produksi bersih pada agroindustri karet remah.