Efektifitas dan keberlanjutan pengelolaan daerah perlindungan laut berbasis masyarakat (DPL-BM) (kasus DPL-BM Blongko, Minahasa Selatan, DPL-BM Pulau Sebesi, Lampung Selatan, dan DPL-BM pulau harapan, kepulauan seribu)

Abstract

Indonesian marine conservation policy was already established trough national law: UU No. 27/2007 concerning coastal and marine resources management and small island and also Government Regulation : PP No. 60/2007 concerning fisheries resources conservation. The target of national marine conservation by 2020 is to establish 20 million ha of marine protected areas. This research contribute to better marine and coastal conservation management for the future. General objective of this research is to evaluate the sustainability of marine sanctuaries in three locations. Specific objectives are (1) to determine the key factor which relates to marine sanctuary management; (2) to evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of marine sanctuary, and (3) to formulate a strategic action for the development of marine sanctuary. The research were conducted at three locations, which are Blongko, North Sulawesi Province, Sebesi Island, Lampung Province, and Harapan Island, Jakarta Province. The data were collected from June 2007 to December 2007. The method of analysis consist of (1) natural resources analysis by quantitative analysis, (2) economic valuation, (3) effectiveness and sustainability analysis by multi dimension scaling analysis and discriminant analysis. There are 32 attributes has been analyzed to evaluate the sustainability of marine sanctuaries in three location. By using the analysis of attributes leverage method, it was found the attribute with high sensitivity that relate to the quality of coral reef and coral fish (ecological and environmental dimension); contribution of income, alternative livelihood and multiplier effect of marine sanctuary (economic and social dimension); legal aspect, local regulation and internalization of the program to local development program (policy dimension); and guidelines of marine sanctuary, extention offficer programs and capacity building, and participation of non government insitution (institutional dimension).The value of sustainability. index are: Blongko (63,83), Sebesi Island (72,41) and Harapan Island (36,30). Management strategies proposed, are (1) increasing the quality of coral reef and coral fish through protection from destructive fishing; (2) develop alternative livelihood such as mariculture, fish processing, environmentaly friendly fishing activities, marine ecotourism ; (3) internalization of the marine sanctuary to local development programs; and (4) involve the non government organization in marine sanctuary programs.