Dampak pembangunan sektor pertanian terhadap distribusi pendapatan dan perekonomian regional Provinsi Papua: suatu analisis model sistem neraca sosial ekonomi

Abstract

Income inequality among households, labor and economic sectors leads to h<@>ntal and vertical conflicts in Papua Province, and threaten nation integrity. Ec<m.ornic development is the best way to solve these problems. It is important to fin&a proper economic development pattern. Acknowledging the real conditions of ~pua economy, agricultural based development considered as the right pattern for ii>apua. This study focused on finding some explanation of agricultural based ~omic development impacts on regional economy and income distribution immovement. ~ Agricultural based economic sector includes horticulture, estate crops, fo~try, fishery, animal husbandry and agro-industry. Thus, the first big step is to detimine sector that has the biggest impact on improving income equity, and the bes! analysis tool to be used is Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). The system colllH describe Papua Province comprehensively in a matrix table. S' The results of SAM Analysis show that agricultural based economic de~lopment could improve income distribution in Papua Province, because incQpte redistribution policy simulations exercised in investment and export could re<.\ice income inequalities in Papua Economy. Although it is quite difficult to im~ement the policy, but redistribution policy vertically and horizontally is the only policy that could reduce income inequality. For inequality in labor income and production sector, all agricultural based economic sectors development policies could reduce the income inequality.

Studi ini secara khusus bertujuan untuk mencari penjelasan mengenai da@ak dari pembangunan ekonomi berbasis pertanian terhadap perekonomian regional, dan perbaikan distribusi pendapatan ataupun penurunan ketimpangan pe~apatan, baik itu ketimpangan pendapatan antara rumahtangga, tenaga kerja, maijpun sektoral. Adanya berbagai ketimpangan tersebut telah menimbulkan terjidinya konflik horisontal dan konflik vertikal di Provinsi Papua, dan menjadi pe~cu bagi ancaman disintegrasi bangsa. Agar pennasalahan ini tidak berIarutlanii perlu dicarikan jalan keluarnya, dan salah satu cara yang dianggap paling ba~ untuk memecahkan masalah itu adalah melalui peningkatan pembangunan ek<itomi. Untuk itu perlu ditentukan pola pembangunan ekonomi yang tepat bagi Prq!insi Papua. Jika diperhatikan dari kondisi riil perekonomian Papua, maka un~k saat ini pola pembangunan ekonomi yang tepat adalah melalui perdbangunan ekonomi yang berbasis pertanian.